LONG-TERM MEMORY KHUBAIB AZIZ HINANNA QURESHI. MEMORY “MEMORY IS THE MEANS BY WHICH WE DRAW ON OUR PAST EXPERIENCES IN ORDER TO USE THIS INFORMATION IN.

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Presentation transcript:

LONG-TERM MEMORY KHUBAIB AZIZ HINANNA QURESHI

MEMORY “MEMORY IS THE MEANS BY WHICH WE DRAW ON OUR PAST EXPERIENCES IN ORDER TO USE THIS INFORMATION IN THE PRESENT”

MEMORY IS DIVIDED INTO CATEGORIES BASED ON THE AMOUNT OF TIME A MEMORY LASTS:  THE SHORTEST MEMORIES LASTING ONLY MILLISECONDS ARE CALLED SENSORY MEMORIES.  MEMORIES LASTING ABOUT A MINUTE ARE CALLED SHORT-TERM MEMORIES.  MEMORIES LASTING ANYWHERE FROM AN HOUR TO YEARS ARE CALLED LONG-TERM MEMORIES.

LONG-TERM MEMORY THE LONG-TERM MEMORY REFERS TO THE UNLIMITED CAPACITY MEMORY STORE THAT CAN HOLD INFORMATION OVER LENGTHY PERIODS OF TIME. BY “LENGTHY PERIODS OF TIME” WE MEAN THAT IT IS POSSIBLE FOR MEMORIES IN LTM TO REMAIN THERE FOR AN ENTIRE LIFETIME.

LTM HAS UNLIMITED CAPACITY ENCODES MEMORIES BY MEANING INFORMATION THAT IS REHEARSED IN SHORT-TERM STORE MEMORY MAYBE STORED IN LONG-TERM STORE INFORMATION IS STORED FOR A LONGER TIME FORGETTING IN MEMORY CAN OCCUR THROUGH INTERFERENCE, DECAY OR REPRESSION THE SAME EMOTIONAL STATES OR ENVIRONMENT WHERE A MEMORY WAS ENCODE CAN AID RECALL

3 OPERATIONS LONG-TERM MEMORY IS RESPONSIBLE FOR 3 OPERATIONS:  ENCODING THE ABILITY TO CONVERT INFORMATION INTO A KNOWLEDGE STRUCTURE.  STORAGE THE ABILITY TO ACCUMULATE CHUNKS OF INFORMATION.  RETRIEVAL THE ABILITY TO RECALL THINGS WE ALREADY KNEW.

DECLARATIVE MEMORY IT IS THE MEMORY OF FACTS, DATA AND EVENTS THAT CAN BE CONSCIOUSLY RECALLED. IT IS ALSO KNOWN AS EXPLICIT MEMORY.

 SEMANTIC MEMORY SEMANTIC MEMORY REFERS TO A PORTION OF LONG-TERM MEMORY THAT PROCESSES IDEAS AND CONCEPTS THAT ARE NOT DRAWN FROM PERSONAL EXPERIENCES. IT INCLUDES THINGS THAT ARE COMMON KNOWLEDGE, SUCH AS THE NAMES OF COLORS, SOUNDS OF LETTER, CAPITALS OF COUNTRIES ETC.

 EPISODIC MEMORY EPISODIC MEMORY IS A PERSON’S UNIQUE MEMORY OF A SPECIFIC EVENT. IT IS A PERSONAL KNOWLEDGE. IT IS DIFFERENT FROM SOMEONE ELSE’S RECOLLECTION OF THE SAME EXPERIENCE. FOR EXAMPLE, YOURS COUSIN’S WEDDING, YOUR 16 TH BIRTHDAY ETC.

PROCEDURAL MEMORY PROCEDURAL MEMORY IS RESPONSIBLE FOR KNOWING HOW TO DO THINGS. IT STORES INFORMATION ON HOW TO PERFORM CERTAIN PROCEDURES SUCH AS RIDING A BIKE ETC. IT IS ALSO KNOWN AS MOTOR SKILLS.

SEMANTIC NETWORKS IT PROPOSES THAT INFORMATION IN LTM IS ORGANIZED SYSTEMATICALLY IN THE FORM OF OVERLAPPING NETWORKS OF CONCEPTS THAT ARE INTERCONNECTED AND INTERRELATED BY MEANINGFUL LINKS.

SPREADING ACTIVATION ACTIVATING ONE MEMORY TRIGGERS THE ACTIVATION OF RELATED MEMORIES IN A PROCESS OR METHOD KNOWN AS SPREADING ACTIVATION.

MEMORY PARTS IN BRAIN  HIPPOCAMPUS IS A PART OF THE BRAIN’S LIMBIC SYSTEM. IT AIDS IN THE INITIAL ENCODING OF INFORMATION.  AMYGDALA IS ANOTHER PART OF THE BRAIN’S LIMBIC SYSTEM. IT IS INVOLVED WITH MEMORIES INVOLVING EMOTIONS.

LONG-TERM MEMORY LOSS PEOPLE WITH LTM-LOSS WILL BEGIN TO FORGET THESE IMPORTANT MEMORIES:  FORGETTING SIGNIFICANT LIFE EVENTS SUCH AS WEDDING DAY.  FORGETTING NAMES AND FACES OF CLOSE FRIENDS AND FAMILIES.  GETTING LOST IN PLACES THAT ARE VERY FAMILIAR.

CAUSES  LACK OF SLEEP LOSING SLEEP CAN IMPACT DREAMS.  DRUGS AND MEDICATION LONG PERIODS OF USE OF CERTAIN DRUGS CAN DAMAGE THE MEMORY CENTRE OF BRAIN.  MEDICAL CONDITIONS LTM-LOSS CAUSE BY MEDICAL CONDITION IS THE RESULT OF RARE AMNESIA OR HEAD TRAUMA.  DEMENTIA BRAIN FUNCTION IS REDUCED. LTM IS AFFECTED, HOWEVER SOME PATIENTS MAY HAVE A RECALL OF CERTAIN PEOPLE AND PAST EVENTS BUT NOT OTHERS.