1. The 3 box model of memory
System to remembering

2. objectives Analyze the 3 boxes of memory
Summarize how we use short term memory, and the parts of the brain associated with memory
Describe the different contents of L.T.M.

3. Core Concept
Each of the 3 memory stages encodes and stores memory in a different way, but they work together to transform sensory experience into lasting record that has a pattern of meaning
Capacity- How much
Duration- How long
Structure, function, biological basis

4. Three-box model of memory
chapter 8
Three-box model of memory

5. Want to process this lecture? 3 stages
Like an assembly line
Sensory Memory
Working Memory
Long-term Memory
Pioneered by Richard Atkinson, Richard Shiffrin

6. chapter 8
Sensory memory
A memory system that momentarily preserves extremely accurate images of sensory information
Pattern recognition
The identification of a stimulus on the basis of information already contained in long-term memory
Information that is not quickly passed to short-term memory is gone forever.

7. Sensory Memory Most fleeting of the 3
Involves lights, sounds, smells, textures
Sparkler on 4th, listen to music
Maintain long enough to go into working memory
Vision and hearing for graphic organizers

9. chapter 8
Short-term memory
A limited capacity memory system involved in the retention of information for brief periods
Also used to hold information retrieved from long-term memory for temporary use
Working memory
A memory system which includes STM and mental processes that control retrieval of information from LT memory and interpret that information appropriately for a given task
Chunk
Meaningful unit of information which may be composed of smaller units

10. Working Memory
Takes info. Selected from sensory registers and connects it with items already in long term storage
Built for a few seconds to 30, temporarily holds items. Such as a phone number
New info + long term memory= mental scratch pad
For example contains numbers and instructions for doing necessary operations and intermediate results from each step

11. Methods for improving S.T.M.
Maintain rehearsal- going over (like for the spring play)
Chunking units, like phone number

12. Parts of brain in working memory

13. chapter 8
Long-term memory
The memory system involved in the long-term storage of information
One way information is organized is in semantic categories (e.g., animals).

14. Capacity and Duration of Long-Term Memory
Unlimited storage
Experiences, events, information, emotions, skills, words, categories, rules, Everything from STM
Total knowledge of world and self
Can store memory for a lifetime
Undisputed champion of memory

15. chapter 8
Conceptual grid

16. Types of long-term memories
chapter 8
Types of long-term memories

17. Contents of long-term memory
chapter 8
Contents of long-term memory
Procedural memories
Memories for performance of actions or skills
“Knowing how”
Declarative memories
Memories of facts, rules, concepts, and events; includes semantic and episodic memory
“Knowing that”

18. Squire’s types of L.T.M.
Procedural Memory- Mental directions or procedures
“how to” ride a bike, tie a shoe
In acquisition conscious of details
Then skill occurs beyond awareness

19. Procedural memory in action!

20. 2nd part Squire’s types of L.T.M.
Declarative memory- Stores specific information.
Facts, events.
Directions to a specific location, lat. long.
Requires some conscious thought

21. Contents of long-term memory
chapter 8
Contents of long-term memory
Semantic memories
General knowledge, including facts, rules, concepts, and propositions
Episodic memories
Personally experienced events and the contexts in which they occurred

22. Tulving’s types of LTM
Semantic memory- Stores basic meanings of words and concepts
No info about time and place
Meaning of word ‘cat’
Encyclopedia or data base
Faces, names, religious beliefs, music manners

23. Tulving’s LTM
Episodic memory- D.M. that stores personal experiences, events, episodes
Has temporal coding or ‘ time tags’
When, Where, Context of memory
Thus E.M. is autobiographical memory

24. chapter 8
Your turn
What kind of memory is your memory for the fact that the earth is round?
1. Procedural memory
2. Semantic memory
3. Episodic memory
4. Flashbulb memory

25. chapter 8
Your turn
What kind of memory is your memory for the fact that the earth is round?
1. Procedural memory
2. Semantic memory
3. Episodic memory
4. Flashbulb memory

26. Serial-position effect
chapter 8
Serial-position effect
The tendency for recall of first and last items on a list to surpass recall of items in the middle of the list

27. Summary
3 boxes of memory