1. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? “Memory is what makes our lives… Without it, we are nothing”.

3. What is Memory? Test, Test 2TestTest 2  The process by which we recollect prior experiences, information and skills learned in the past.

4. Types of Memory

5. 3 Types of memory  1.)Semantic –facts, concepts, words, definitions, and languages. –General Knowledge Trivia  2.)Episodic – specific events, personal experiences or activities. Never forget your first kiss. –9-11, Kennedy Assassination, Challenger Explosion.

6. Example of Episodic Flashbulb Memory Flashbulb Memory  Vivid recollections  Great detail  Dramatic or emotionally charged incidents  Of interest to person  Encoded effortlessly and retained

7. 3.) Implicit Memory  Things that are implied or not clearly stated.  Consist of skills and procedures you have already learned. –Throwing a ball –Riding a bike –Catching a ball –Water Skiing

8. What type of memories are these?

9. What kind of memory is this?

10. Who is this? What type of memory is this picture displaying?

11. What type of memory is this?

12. How many sides does a stop sign have?

13. JFK Assassination

14. Short-Term Memory “Working Memory”

15. Limited Duration  Short-term lasts 2 to 30 seconds  Maintenance rehearsal – repeat or rehearse information = stays with you longer

16. Limited Capacity  Can hold only seven items at one time  Interference – new information enters short-term and pushes out information that is already there

17. 3 Processes of Memory  1.) Encoding: The translation of information into a form in which it can be stored.  1 st stage of processing information.

18. Read 155-156  In your notes write the following sequence of letters.  OTTFFSSENT  Look at the list for 30 seconds and memorize as much of the list that you can.

19. Visual Codes Form a mental picture of letters in your mind.

20. Acoustic Codes  Read the list to yourself and repeat several times.  Acoustic code works by recording the letters in your memory as a sequence of sounds.

21. Semantic Codes  Attempt to make sense of the letters.  Example: OTTFFSSENT  The last 4 letters spells the word SENT.  Semantic means relating to memory.  The letters may represent words.

22. Process of Memory  Storage: 2 nd process of memory.  Storage is maintaining information in the brain after it has been encoded.

23. Ways to remember new information.  Maintenance Rehearsal: Repeat information over and over again.  Elaborative Rehearsal: Make new information meaningful by relating it to information you already know.

24. 3 rd Process of Memory  Retrieval: locating stored information in the brain and returning it to conscious thought.  Information that is familiar and hard to forget. –Your name, family and friends names.

25. Write down the list of letters discussed earlier.  OTTFFSSENT

26. Ways to Retrieve Information

27. Context Dependent Memory  Context of a memory is the situation in which a person had the experience being remembered.  Such memories are dependent on the place where they were encoded and stored.

28. Context Dependent Memory Continued  Study: Students do better on tests when they study for the test in the same room the test will be given.

29. State Dependent Memories  Retrieve memories better when the person is the same emotional state that the memory was stored in.  Feelings of Happiness: Tend to bring back memories of when the person was happy.

30. Tip of the Tongue Phenomenon  You feel you know something, but you can’t verbalize it.  It is right on the tip of your tongue.

31. Chunking  Combine separate items into a larger unit  Remember chunks, not individual parts  George Miller

32. Separate Memory Systems

33. Primacy vs. Recency  Primacy – tendency to remember items at the beginning of a list  Recency – tendency to remember items at the end of a list

34. Procedural Memory  Procedural – skills, habits, and things learned through conditioning

35. Unusual Memories

36. Photographic  Form sharp, detailed visual images after examining something for a short period of time  Can recall the entire image at a later date  Occurs in adults

37. Eidetic Imagery  Occurs in children  Examine something for 10-30 seconds  Retain image in mind for several minutes  Detail visual image

39. How Many Numbers Can You Remember?

40. 34875

41. Write it down!

42. 902321

43. Write it down!

44. 4608435

45. Write it down!

46. 32989826

47. Write it down!

48. 690825360

49. Write it down!

50. 3508236401

51. Write it down!

52. 80204360822

53. Write it down!

54. 398282049601

55. Write it down!

56. 6980294022698

57. Write it down!

58. 19073982259087

59. Write it down!

60. 209841109850349

61. Write it down!

62. Memory Test