CAUSES of NEW IMPERIALISM ECONOMIC Industrial Revolution created need for countries to control “natural resources” and establish “new markets” to sell their goods place for growing populations to settle

CAUSES of NEW IMPERIALISM POLITICAL / MILITARY power and security of developing a “Global Empire” “World Prestige” bases for trade and military ships Nationalism

CAUSES of NEW IMPERIALISM RELIGIOUS Missionaries spread Christianity HUMANITARIAN Europeans held a “Paternalistic” view of Africans superior culture / abilities led to Racism

CAUSES of NEW IMPERIALISM HUMANITARIAN cont… Charles Darwin “Social Darwinism” “Survival of the Fittest” (1864) natural for stronger nations to dominate weaker ones justification for Imperialism

CAUSES of NEW IMPERIALISM White Man's Burden HUMANITARIAN cont… Rudyard Kipling wrote “White Man’s Burden” justification for Imperialism White imperialists had a moral duty to educate less developed people

ADVANTAGES OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES Stronger Governments Stronger Economies Stronger Militaries Superior technology Maxim “Machine Gun” “Devil’s Paintbrush” Steam driven warships/railroads Medical advances

“Mother Country” sends officials / soldiers to govern the area FORMS OF IMPERIALISM Colony “Mother Country” sends officials / soldiers to govern the area Protectorate “Mother Country” governs through local leaders Sphere of Influence another country claims exclusive investment or trading rights

“The Dark Continent” 1840 David Livingston Scottish Missionary 1st European to explore Sub- Saharan Africa expand Christianity end Slavery 1864 – 2nd trip

“Scramble for Africa” was ON!!!!! 1871 – Henry Stanley Find Livingston (lost, held hostage, dead?) Henry Stanley led expedition to find him “Dr. Livingston, I presume?” Stanley finds the mouth of the Congo opens interior Africa to trade Belgium, led by King Leopold II, becomes 1st to imperialize Africa “Scramble for Africa” was ON!!!!!

Scramble For Africa – “The Dark Continent” Belgian presence in the Congo setoff European race for colonies No European power wanted to be left behind 1884 BERLIN CONFERENCE Rules for colonizing Africa No African rulers attended any country could claim land divided Africa with NO regard for ethnic groups By 1914 only 2 countries remained independent

INDIA English “Crown Jewel” 300 million people huge market Major supplier of Raw materials Indian business competition was prohibited Ruled by British “Raj” (until 1947)

Sepoys - Indian soldiers used by British 1857 Sepoy Mutiny Sepoys - Indian soldiers used by British offended by British rules…violated Hindu beliefs Revolt against British British crush revolt and takes control of India

CHINA Europeans interested in Tea, Silk, & Porcelain huge market and cheap labor 1839 Opium War British trade Opium from India to China for Tea Chinese outlawed Opium (Chinese “Opium Party”) British declared war 1842 Treaty of Nanking China paid Britain an indemnity Hong Kong given to Britain (back to China in 1997)