1. Review # 8 ~ Industrial Revolution –> New Imperialism

2. Causes
Agrarian Revolution = more food!
Population explosion
Began in Great Britain
Land (rivers, island)
Labor (people to work)
Capital ($ & investment)
Effects
New Social Class Structure
MIDDLE CLASS
Urbanization
Bad working conditions
Better transportation
Higher standard of living
Imperialism
Industrial Revolution: production of goods shifted from using hand tools to using power-driven machines and from human and animal power to steam power

3. Competing economic theories
Capitalism
(AKA: Market Economy, Free Market, Private Enterprise)
Economy governed by natural forces of supply and demand
Laissez Faire – government is NOT involved
Concentrated on interests of individual/ private ownership
Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations
Socialism
(AKA: Marxism, communism, state-run)
Farms & businesses belong to all people (not individuals)
Concentrated on the interests of society
Karl Marx, Communist Manifesto
class struggle
proletariat (working class)
wealth & power shared

4. Industrialization leads to Imperialism
Domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country
1800s – early 1900s

5. Causes of Imperialism Economic -Need for raw materials
-Need new markets
Political
-Power and security of the empire
-Nationalism
Social – Western nations believed they were superior to non-Western areas
Social Darwinism: Darwin’s theory of survival of the fittest; natural for stronger nations to dominate weaker nations
White Man’s Burden: Rudyard Kipling’s poem “White Man’s Burden”; white imperialists have a moral duty to educate less developed countries

6. Effects of Imperialism
India
Africa
British East India Company controlled 3/5s of India
India is the “jewel in the crown” – lots of raw materials and markets
Sepoy Mutiny: Hindus and Muslims united against the British; Britain crushed the revolt and took direct control of India
Scramble for Africa
Berlin Conference (1884): European powers divide up Africa; don’t consult Africans = conflict & tribal warfare
Zulus resist imperialism
Boer War

7. Effects of Imperialism
China
Japan
Spheres of Influence: areas where outside powers claim exclusive trade rights
Opium War: Great Britain vs. China
Treaty of Nanjing: China open ports to Great Britain for trade and hand over Hong Kong
Taiping Rebellion
BOXER REBELLION (ANTI-WEST)
Isolation
Commodore Matthew Perry
Treaty of Kanagawa: open 2 ports to U.S.
MEIJI Restoration
Modernization
& Industrialization
Imperialism
Japan becomes world power!