1. Empire Building in Africa
Imperialism
Empire Building in Africa

2. Industrial Revolution
Gave European countries the technology to dominate other countries
Steam powered ships
Allowed them to reach the interior of Africa
Cure for malaria – Quinine
Allowed them to survive once they got there
Better weapons – Maxim Gun
Allowed them to defeat foes and stay

3. Competition
European powers competed against each other for parts of Africa, Southeast Asia and the Pacific
Great Britain
Claimed Egypt, India and Australia
France
Claimed Algeria, Vietnam and Madagascar
United States
Claimed Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico

4. Economics
European powers needed new markets and resources for their goods
Once colonized, Africa, Asia and the Pacific were:
Captive markets for European products
New sources for raw materials and new trade goods
Rubber
Tea
Ivory

5. Power & Authority Mother countries ruled their colonies in 1 of 2 ways
Indirectly
They controlled the colonies economically
Great Britain, United States
Directly
They controlled the colonies politically and economically

6. Justification of Imperialism
Religion
Duty to spread Christianity to the extents of the world
Spreading civilization
Social Darwinism
Entitled to these new colonies because they were the most advanced humans on earth
White Man’s Burden
Duty to restructure lesser cultures and society for their own good

7. The New Imperialism Imperialism
Domination of one country’s politics, economics or culture by another country
The Industrial Revolution gave Europe allowed them to control most of the world 1870–1914

8. Motives of the New Imperialists
Four main reasons
Economic Interests
Political and Military Interests
Humanitarian and Religious Interests
Social Darwinism

9. Economic Interests Industrial Revolution caused a need for expansion
Manufacturers needed more resources and new markets to sell their goods
Acquiring new colonies allowed Europe’s increasing population somewhere else to live

10. Political and Military Interests
Trading ships needed based around the world to refuel
Islands and harbors were seized for this purpose
Europeans acquired new colonies just to say they had expanded the empire
Also to prevent others from expanding

11. Humanitarian and Religious Goals
Missionaries, doctors and soldiers believed it was their to duty to spread civilization, medicine, law and religion

12. Social Darwinism
Europeans applied Darwin’s theories of natural selection and survival of the fittest to themselves
Believed they were racially superior to all others
It was their destiny to conquer weaker races
Said this was nature’s way of improving the human species

13. Critics Argued that colonialism was immoral
Just a way for the rich to get richer
Europe preached democracy but enslaved other countries

14. Forms of Imperial Control - Colonies
Europeans sent governors, officials and soldiers to rule the people
Direct rule – usually French
Sent officials to impose French culture and make the colonies a French province
Indirect rule – usually British
Used sultans, chiefs or local rulers to run their colonies

15. Forms of Imperial Control - Protectorates
Their own government but had to do what the Europeans told them
These cost less in money and military to run than colonies

16. Forms of Imperial Control – Spheres of Influence
An area of trade claimed by only one country

17. The Partition of Africa
Called the “Dark Continent”
Europeans didn’t know anything about its interior

18. European Contacts Increase
The slave trade became outlawed in Europe and the U.S. in the early 1800s
1847 – Liberia became a country for freed American slaves
Explorers went to Africa to gain glory
Missionaries went to Africa to spread Christianity

19. Berlin Conference – 1884
Europeans sent officials to Berlin to carve up Africa, but didn’t bother to invite any Africans
Drew borders and claimed lands without regard for African settlements or ethnic boundaries

20. Horrors in the Congo
King Leopald II of Belgium made African workers fulfill quotas of copper and ivory
If the quota wasn’t met their hands or ears would be cut off

21. The Boer War
When the British acquired the Cape Colony Dutch farmers named Boers moved north and created their own republics
The discovery of gold & diamonds in the Boer republics caused the British to fight with them in the Boer War
The British won and united the Boer republics with the Cape Colony to form South Africa in 1910

22. Africans Fight Back
French, British and Germans all met African resistance, but it was nothing compared to the resistance Italians faced in Ethiopia
Emperor Menelik II of Ethiopia bought modern European weapons and hired European officers to train his army
Ethiopia defeated the Italians and remained the only nation besides Liberia to remain independent