Plant Kingdom

Characteristics of Plants Multicellular Cell Walls Photosynthesis Producers in Ecosystems

3 Types of Plants VASCULAR 2. Seedless Vascular- Internal tubing but lack seeds. Ex-Ferns 3. Seed Vascular- Internal tubing & grow from seeds. Ex. Trees & Flowers 1. NONVASCULAR No Internal Tubes Ex. Moss

Nonvascular-Moss Uses of Moss Landscapers in gardens to hold moisture Shelter for small insects Fuel and Heat

Seedless Vascular Plants-Ferns Fiddlehead

Vascular Seed Plants Develop from seeds and contain internal tubes for transporting nutrients and water. Pollination- transfer of male structures (pollen) to female structures (ovary). Ex. Wind, Water, Animals, Sap Seed- protective covering of young plant. Fruit- edible part surrounding seeds Vegetable- edible part of plant not containing seeds

2 Types of Seed Plants Angiosperms Gymnosperms Flowers Evergreens Enclosed Seeds Gymnosperms Evergreens Exposed Seeds

Gymnosperms Conifers Spruce Bonsai Remain Green, Needlelike leaves, Cold Weather Pine Cedar

Gymnosperms Redwood/ Sequoia - Used for lumber Ginkgo Withstands pollution Used for memory loss Redwood/ Sequoia - Used for lumber

Angiosperms Examples: roses, daisies, lilies, daffodils

Roots Underground structure that collects minerals, water and anchors plants in the soil. Parts of a Root Root Hairs- increases contact with soil for collecting more water. Two Types of Roots Taproot- one main large root. Ex. Carrot Fibrous- thin branched rot system.

Stem- holds plant upright and stores food 2 Types of Stems Herbaceous- soft, green Wood- hard, bark Functions of the Stem Xylem- brings water up from roots to leaves (heartwood & sapwood) Phloem- brings sugar down from leaves (inside bark)

Annual Rings Annual Rings- each year a tree produces a new xylem. Older xylem in middle; more current active xylem outer parts More Rain= Wider rings Scars= damage to bark

Leaves Collect solar energy and site of photosynthesis. Parts of the Leaf Veins- tube passing water and nutrients Waxy coating Stomata- Openings for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange

Other Plants Water Plants- Water lilies Desert- Cactus, large root system, conserve water Climbing- Vines Eating Plants-