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Botany
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Botany – study of plants
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Characteristics Multicellular eukaryotes
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Characteristics chlorophyll – green pigment that captures energy from sunlight
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But not everything that is green is a plant…
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Characteristics Perform photosynthesis (autotrophs)
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Other organisms that photosynthesize
bacteria Euglena
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Characteristics cuticles – waxy layer that coats surfaces of plants – keep from drying out
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Cuticle
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Anything else have cuticles?
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Characteristics cell walls – supports and protects the plant cells
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Characteristics Multicellular Eukaryotes Chlorophyll
Perform photosynthesis Cuticles Cell walls
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Classifying Plants
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Nonvascular plants Lack tubes to carry water and nutrients throughout plant Use osmosis because most plants are only a couple cells thick
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Nonvascular plants Reproduce with spores
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Examples mosses, liverworts, hornworts
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Size Small and short, stems can’t support weight and have no way to transport water up
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Rhizoids Hair like structures to anchor the plant
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Diecious Mosses have sexes in two separate plants, require water for fertilization
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Sphagnum (peat moss) Burned as fuel, super absorbent and holds moisture
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Seedless Vascular Plants
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Seedless Vascular plants
Have tubes but still reproduce with spores
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Examples ferns, horsetails, club mosses
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Size Larger in size, vascular tissue strengthens stem and carry water upward
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Frond Fern leaf that unrolls as it grows
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Rhizomes Underground horizontal root
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Monoecious Contain both sexes on one plant, require water for fertilization
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Seed Plants
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Seed Plants Have vascular tissue and seeds instead of spores
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Seeds Have a protective seed coat and stored food
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Pollen Male gamete, allowed the transfer to another plant without water
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Classifying Plants
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Gymnosperms- “naked seeds”, seeds are not enclosed in a fruit
conifers cycads ginkgoes
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Gymnosperms seeds usually develop in cones
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Different Cones
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Gymnosperms Mostly wind pollination
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Conifers – “cone bearing”
Examples – pines, spruces, firs, cedars, redwoods
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Records – among all living things
Tallest – redwood trees (367.5 feet)
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Records Oldest – bristle cone pine (over 5000 years)
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Cycads – Jurassic plants that resemble palms
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Ginkgo trees – living fossils, may be linked to fruiting plants
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Angiosperms
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Angiosperms “covered seeds” – have flowers and fruit
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Angiosperms Most abundant plants
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Advantages
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Flowers More efficient pollination – wind, water, insects, or other animals
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Fruit Scatter seeds better
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Two major groups: Monocots Dicots
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Monocots - most of our food supply
Examples: grasses, wheat, corn, rice
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Dicots Most flowering plants Examples: maples, oaks, magnolias
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Seed Leaves Monocots Dicots
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Leaf Veins Monocots Dicots
usually parallel Dicots Usually branched
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Stems Monocots Scattered bundles Dicots Bundles in rings
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Flowers Monocots Dicots
Parts in multiples of 3 Dicots Parts in multiples of 4 or 5
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Roots Monocots Fibrous roots Dicots Taproot
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Monocot or Dicot?
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Monocot or Dicot?
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Monocot or Dicot?
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Monocot or Dicot?
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Monocot or Dicot?
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Monocot or Dicot?
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