1. Energy 2. Metabolism 3. Homeostasis 4. Enzymes 5. Glucose 6. Hormones 7. Carbohydrates 8. Protein 9. Lipids 10. Nucleic Acids 11. Genome 12. Chromosomes 13. Gene 14. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) 15. Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP)

Energy  A measureable physical quantity that describes the amount of work that can be performed by an applied force.

Metabolism  The set of chemical reactions that maintain life in a living organism.

Homeostasis  This is the process by which an organism regulates and maintains a relatively stable and healthy internal environment.

Enzymes  Any of a number of special proteins produced by living organisms that act as a biological catalyst by speeding up a specific biochemical reaction at body’s normal temperature.

Glucose  A monosaccharide sugar, with the chemical formula C 6 H 12 O 6 and occurs widely in most plant and animal tissue. It is the principal circulating sugar in the blood and the major energy source of the body.

Hormones  These are chemical messengers produced by one tissue and conveyed by the bloodstream to some other tissue to affect some physiological activity, such as growth or some metabolic activity.

Carbohydrates  Any of a group of organic compounds that includes sugars, starches, celluloses, and gums and serves as a major energy source in the diet of animals.

Proteins  Any of a group of complex organic macromolecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and is composed of one or more amino acid chains; it is needed by living organisms for growth, tissue repair and to make enzymes.

Lipids  Any of a group of organic compounds, including fats, oils, waxes, sterols, and triglycerides that are insoluble in water but soluble in non-polar organic solvents and are oily to the touch.

Nucleic Acids  An acidic, chainlike biological macromolecule consisting of multiply repeated units of phosphoric acid, sugar, and purine and pyrimidine bases. These compounds are involved in the preservation, replication, and expression of hereditary information in every living cell.

Genome  The total genetic content contained in a haploid set of chromosomes in eukaryotes, or in a single chromosome in bacteria, or in the DNA or RNA of viruses.

Chromosomes  These are threadlike linear strands of DNA and proteins located in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells that carries the genes and functions in the transmission of an organism’s hereditary information.

Gene  A hereditary unit consisting of a sequence of DNA that occupies a specific location on a chromosome and determines a particular characteristic in an organism. They undergo mutation when their DNA sequence changes.

Adenosine Triphosphate  One of the principle chemical compounds that is used by living organisms to store energy for later use in the body.

Adenosine Diphosphate  This chemical compound is converted to ATP for energy storage in the body by the burning of glucose.