1. Big Picture Review; Biochem.

2. IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS
ORGANIC COMPOUND- compound that contains carbon atoms that have combined with each other

3. Six Most Common Elements of Living Things
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorous
Sulfur

4. Organic Compounds All organic compounds contain the element Carbon!
There are four classes of organic molecules
Carbohydrates – sugars
Lipids – fats, oils, and waxes
Proteins – enzymes, muscles, hair
Nucleic Acids – DNA, RNA, and ATP

5. Bio Molecule: Carbohydrates
Elements made of
Carbon (C)
Hydrogen (H)
Oxygen (O)
1:2:1 ratio. This means for every one oxygen there are 2 hydrogen
(ex. C6H12O6)

6. Bio Molecule: Lipids
Elements – made of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen

7. Bio Molecule: Nucleic Acids
Elements – Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus
CHONP

8. Bio Molecule: Proteins
Elements – Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulfur, (CHONS)

9. MORE DEFINITIONS
MACROMOLECULE- organic molecules made from smaller parts.
AMINO ACID- building blocks that make up proteins
POLYPEPTIDE- a chain of amino acids
MONOSACCHARIDE- building block of carbohydrates
POLYSACCHARIDE- a chain of at least 3 monosaccharides
NUCLEOTIDE- building block of nucleic acids; made of a phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen base.
FATTY ACID- building block of lipids.

10. Bio Molecule: Carbohydrates
Functions
Energy – simple sugars (glucose) are a quick energy source (4 Cal per gram)
Stored energy – glycogen (animals) and starch (plants)
Structure – cellulose (cell wall in plants) and chitin (exoskeleton of bugs)

11. Bio Molecule: Lipids
Function – long term energy, insulation, and cell membrane

12. Bio Molecule: Nucleic Acids
Function – stores hereditary information, makes proteins.

13. Bio Molecule: Proteins
Function – Structure, support, speed up chemical reactions.

14. Enzyme Definitions
CATALYST- Anything that causes a reaction to happen faster.
ENZYME- are proteins specifically designed to speed up chemical reactions
ACTIVATION ENERGY- the energy needed to start a reaction
SUBSTRATE- What an enzyme acts on; the reactants of a chemical reaction.
PRODUCT- The end result of a chemical reaction
ACTIVE SITE- a spot on an enzyme where the substrate binds

15. Enzyme activity is controlled by
Amount of enzyme
Amount of substrate pH
Temperature
Amount of time.