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MACROMOLECULES EOC REVIEW Carbon serves as the backbone Carbon forms covalent bonds.

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Presentation on theme: "MACROMOLECULES EOC REVIEW Carbon serves as the backbone Carbon forms covalent bonds."— Presentation transcript:

1

2 MACROMOLECULES EOC REVIEW

3 Carbon serves as the backbone Carbon forms covalent bonds.

4 Carbon forms four covalent bonds with other elements, or with other carbon atoms.

5 Carbon can form: Single bond Double bond Triple bond Double bond

6 The four macromolecules are: Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic acids

7 Carbohydrates sugars OH H H HO CH 2 OH H H H OH O

8 Carbohydrates are composed of carbon and oxygen hydrogen OH H H HO CH 2 OH H H H OH O

9 Carbohydrates include sugars like and sucrose glucose OH H H HO CH 2 OH H H H OH O

10 Fructose - C 6 H 12 O 6 Glucose - C 6 H 12 O 6 Monosaccharides - - - one sugar Provides Energy Function? Stored chemical energy

11 ATP broken down GLUCOSE Cellular Respiration ENERGY

12 Disaccharides - - - two sugars

13 Carbohydrates also include starch glycogen cellulose Long chains of glucose Polysaccharides - - - many sugars sugar

14 Long chains of glucose Polysaccharides: Energy Storage Starch - - - in plants Glycogen - - - in animals

15 Cellulose Cellulose --- the cell wall of plants Polysaccharides Polysaccharides --- Structure & Support

16 The four macromolecules are: Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic acids

17 Proteins are the workhorses of the cell. Enzymes Structure Transport Movement Communication Proteins do all the work! Protection Regulation ENZYMES!!! MUSCLES!!!

18 Proteins are composed of: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

19 amino acid amino acid amino acid amino acid amino acid amino acid Protein Protein - - - long chain of amino acids. amino acid

20 There are 20 different amino acids.

21 All amino acids have a similar structure. —N——N— H H H | —C— | C—OH || O R same Different Here

22 Amino Acids

23 amino acid amino acid amino acid amino acid amino acid Protein = = amino acid Protein = amino acid amino acid amino acid amino acid amino acid amino acid amino acid amino acid amino acid amino acid There are thousands of different proteins

24 Enzymes are catalysts. Catalysts are compounds that speed up chemical reactions. enzyme

25 Products Substrate Lock and Key

26 The four macromolecules are: Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic acids

27 LIPIDS include: fats oils cholesterol phospholipids

28 Function: Long Term Energy Storage Animals - fats Plants - oils

29 Function: Structure cell membranes are composed of phospholipids

30 Oil Water Lipids are nonpolar. Lipids do not dissolve in water.

31 Lipids: composed mostly of carbon and hydrogen.

32 Lipids are composed of fatty acids.

33 F A T Y A C I D S

34 Saturated Fatty Acid: Unsaturated Fatty Acid

35 The four macromolecules are: Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids

36 There are two types of nucleic acids: __________ or deoxyribonucleic acid __________ or ribonucleic acid RNA DNA

37 DNA contains the genetic information and the instructions for making proteins. Chromosomes are composed of DNA. chromosome

38 Nucleic acids: are composed of nucleotides. nucleotide

39 A nucleotide is made of three parts: A phosphate A sugar A base A NUCLEOTIDE P Base Sugar

40 P Adenine Sugar Four different nucleotides P Thymine Sugar P Cytosine Sugar P Guanine Sugar

41 What is the formula for glucose? C 6 H 12 O 6

42 Proteins include enzymes antibodies muscles

43 Lipids include Fats and oils cholesterol phospholipids

44

45 Oil Water A lipid is a nonpolar molecule that does not dissolve in water. Do lipids dissolve in water?

46 Nucleic acids include DNA and RNA

47 contains DNA the genetic information

48 Carbohydrates are composed of monosaccharides polysaccharide monosaccharide

49 Proteins are composed of Amino acids

50 Lipids are composed of fatty acids

51 Nucleic acids are composed of nucleotides P S B P P S S B B

52 Amino acid Amino acid Amino acid Amino acid Amino acid Amino acid Amino acid Amino acid Amino acid Amino acid Which macromolecule? protein

53 Which macromolecule? carbohydrate

54 amino acid amino acid amino acid amino acid amino acid amino acid Which macromolecule? proteins

55 What is this? A fat

56 Which macromolecule? Lipid

57 What are these? monosaccharides sugars

58 Which macromolecule? carbohydrate

59 P Base Sugar What is this? A nucleotide

60 P Base Sugar Nucleic acid Which macromolecule?

61 —N——N— H H H | —C— | C—OH || O R variable group What is this? An amino acid

62 —N——N— H H H | —C— | C—OH || O R variable group protein Which macromolecule?

63 What is this? DNA

64 Nucleic acid Which macromolecule?

65 Molecule that speeds up chemical reactions enzymes

66 A polysaccharide What is this?

67 carbohydrate Which macromolecule?

68 insulates body cushions organs & fats

69 nucleotide Which macromolecule? Nucleic acids

70 What is this? An amino acid

71 proteins Which macromolecule?

72 What are these? monosaccharides

73 Which macromolecule? carbohydrate

74 What is this? A nucleotide

75 A nucleic acid Which macromolecule?

76 What are these? disaccharides

77 carbohydrates Which macromolecule?

78 DNA & RNA Which macromolecule? Nucleic acids

79 What is this? An amino acid

80 proteins Which macromolecule?

81 Muscles are composed of protein

82 What are these? Fatty acids

83 Which macromolecule? lipids

84 What is this? polysaccharide

85 Which macromolecule? carbohydrate

86 A nucleotide What is this?

87 A nucleic acid Which macromolecule?

88 What are these? Amino acids

89 proteins Which macromolecule?

90 What is this? A phospholipid

91 What structure is composed of phospholipids? Cell membrane

92 The cell wall of plants is composed of the above macromolecule. The above macromolecule is... cellulose

93 Adenine --- A Thymine --- T Cytosine --- C Guanine --- G These are the bases for nucleotides

94 What contains more energy? 1000 g of carbs 1000 g of fat 1000 g of protein

95 What is the monomer? glucose

96 What is this? polysaccharide

97 Which macromolecule? carbohydrate

98 Glycogen This macromolecule is found in the liver of animals. What is it?

99 Energy storage This macromolecule is found in the liver of animals. What is it’s function?

100 What is the function of glucose? glucose This is a molecule of … (a specific name) To provide energy for cells.

101 What is this? Triglyceride

102 Fat or oil Triglyceride is a ….

103 Long term energy storage The function of this molecule is …

104 What is the monomer? glucose

105 What is it? starch glucose This macromolecule is found in plants. What is the function of the above macromolecule? Energy storage

106 What is the function of this molecule? To provide energy for cells.

107 ? enzyme

108 ? substrate

109 ? products

110 Study hard and you will excel!!! And you’ll make your teacher very happy

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