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The Chemical Basis of Life

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Presentation on theme: "The Chemical Basis of Life"— Presentation transcript:

1 The Chemical Basis of Life
Organic and Inorganic Molecules

2 Chemical Elements in Living Matter
Living matter consists mostly of four (4) elements: Carbon (C) Hydrogen (H) Oxygen (O) Nitrogen (N)

3 INORGANIC COMPOUNDS These are usually SMALL and SIMPLE molecules and LACK combinations of Carbon and Hydrogen. Examples: H2O, NaCl, CO2, HCl, NaOH

4 ORGANIC COMPOUNDS These molecules are usually LARGE and COMPLEX and they ALWAYS contain CARBON and HYDROGEN combined TOGETHER. Examples: C6H12O6 (glucose), C12H22O11 (sucrose) C50H98O6 (polysaccharide)

5 CARBOHYDRATES Contain CARBON (C), HYDROGEN (H), and OXYGEN (O)
Sugars and Starches are carbohydrates Provide energy for living things Are made up of one (1) or more SUGAR molecules

6 (1) Sugar MONOSACCHARIDES SIMPLE SUGARS like GLUCOSE

7 (2) Sugars DISACCHARIDES DOUBLE SUGARS like Maltose Sucrose Lactose

8 POLYSACCHARIDES Many Sugars COMPLEX SUGARS
CHAINS OF 3 or MORE SUGAR MOLECULES STARCH & CELLULOSE (plants) GLYCOGEN (animals)

9 LIPIDS – Contain Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
Fats, Oils, and Waxes Concentrated Energy Storage Insulate & Protect (waterproof surfaces) Major component of cell membranes Made up of GLYCEROL and FATTY ACIDS

10 PROTEINS – Contain Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen
Make up parts of muscle, skin, and hair Make up chemicals such as enzyme and hormones that regulate reactions in body Made up of long chains of AMINO ACIDS

11 NUCLEIC ACIDS – Contain Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus
DNA BLUE PRINT OF LIFE Hereditary Material Made up of NUCLEOTIDES Double-Stranded Contains the sugar DEOXYRIBOSE

12 RNA Helps to make PROTEINS (Protein Synthesis) Made up of NUCLEOTIDES
Single-Stranded Contains the sugar RIBOSE

13 DIAGRAM OF A NUCLEOTIDE
2 1 3 5-Carbon Sugar

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