1. Ch 3 Biochemistry

2. Sec. 1: Carbon Compounds
Organic molecules: made primarily of carbon atoms
Inorganic molecules: not made of carbon (few exceptions)

3. Carbon Carbon is a very useful element because:
It can form up to 4 bonds
Can bond to itself
Allows carbon to form many shapes

4. Functional groups
Functional groups: groups of atoms that influence the characteristics of the molecules they compose
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5. Large Carbon Molecules
Many carbon molecules are built from smaller, simpler molecules called Monomers
Polymer: molecules consisting of repeating, linked monomers
Macromolecules: large polymers

6. 4 major macromolecules
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids

7. Condensation reactions
Condensation reactions: reactions that link monomers together to make polymers
Why condensation? What is condensation?
Water produced during condensation reactions

8. Hydrolysis reaction Reactions that break polymers down to monomers
Water is used
Hydro- water
Lysis- break down

9. Energy currency Life processes require constant supplies of energy
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP): main energy containg molecule for living things
Energy comes from bonds between phosphate groups

11. Molecules of life
Carbohydrates: organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Sugars
Why are sugars useful?
Main energy molecule for living things
Monomer: Monosaccharide
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
Isomers: same formulas, but different orientations

12. Polymers of Carbohydrates
Disaccharides: ?
Polysaccharides: ?
Glycogen (animal sugar storage)
Starch (plants)
cellulose

13. Proteins Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen Monomer: amino acid
Draw an amino acid
Dipeptide: ?
Polypeptide:?
Shape influenced by temp and solvents
Enzymes: proteins that act as biological catalysts (?)

14. Enzymes
Reactions depend on physical fit b/w enzyme and its specific substrate
Substrate: reactant being catalyzed
Active site: fold on enzyme that fits together with substrate

15. Lipids Large, nonpolar molecules Do not dissolve in water
Phospholipids, steroids, waxes, pigments
Long hydrocarbon chains
Lipids worksheet

16. Nucleic acids Store and transfer important information Two types
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Monomer: nucleotide
3 parts
Phosphate group
5-carbon sugar
Nitrogenous base
Draw a nucleotide