1. Carbon Based Molecules
Most of the matter in your body
that is not water is made of organic
compounds.
Organic compounds contain
carbon atoms. Inorganic
compounds do not contain carbon.
ex: H2O, Na+Cl-

2. Four Organic Compounds:
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids

3. Organic compounds are large molecules (polymers) made from many smaller molecules (monomers).

4. Four Classes of Organic Compounds:
Carbohydrates (sugars)– are organic compounds made of C, H, and O atoms; they are an immediate source of energy; found in fruits, vegetables, pasta, and grains
monosaccharide – are the building blocks of carbohydrates ex: glucose (C6H12O6)
“mono” – means one

5. disaccharide – 2 monosaccharides joined together ex: sucrose (glucose + fructose)
“di” – means 2
polysaccharide – 3 or more monosaccharides ex: starch (plants), glycogen (animals), cellulose (plant cell wall)
“poly” – means many

6. 2. Lipids – nonpolar molecules that are not soluble in water
ex: fats (long term energy storage), phospholipids (in cell membrane), steroids (cholesterol, hormones), waxes, oils
A typical fat contains 3 fatty acids bonded to a glycerol molecule backbone.

7. saturated fatty acid: each carbon atom (except one) in the chain is bonded to 2 hydrogen atoms, the carbon on the end is bonded to 3 hydrogen atoms (solid at room temperature)
ex: butter

8. unsaturated fatty acid:
some of the carbon atoms are linked by a “double” covalent bond and are bonded to only 1 hydrogen atom producing kinks in the molecule (liquid at room temperature)
ex: oil

9. 3. Proteins – a large molecule formed by linked
smaller molecules called amino acids
amino acids – the building blocks of proteins; there are 20 amino acids; they fold into compact shapes depending on the sequence of the amino acids
ex: enzymes (in chemical
reactions), collagen
(for structural support), builds
muscle, antibodies (immune
system), hemoglobin (in RBC),
for growth & repair

10. 4. Nucleic Acids – are made of nucleotides
nucleotide – 3 parts include:
sugar, nitrogen base, and phosphate

11. Two Types of Nucleic Acids:
a. DNA – Deoxyribonucleic Acid; 2
strands of nucleotides that spiral
around each other; contains
genetic information
b. RNA – Ribonucleic Acid; a single
strand of nucleotides; involved
in protein synthesis (making
proteins)

12. RNA DNA

13. ATP – adenosine triphosphate; a
single nucleotide with 2 extra
energy-storing phosphate
groups that stores energy
needed for cell function