1. Organic Molecules: Composition & Function Check out: Emory University Cancer Quest!Emory University Cancer Quest!

2. What are Organic Molecules? Any carbon compound 1. Isomers – same chemical formula but different 3D structure; Example- glucose and fructose 1. Polymers – large molecule formed when many smaller molecules bond together in a condensation reaction;

3. How are they built? Monomers - A molecule or subunit that functions alone or combines with other similar molecules to form a polymer Polymers – formed from the joining of monomers, the following biomolecules are all polymers. The following biomolecules are all polymers: 1. Carbohydrates 2. Proteins 3. Nucleic Acids 4. Lipids

4. Carbohydrates Biomolecule composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio Monomer of Carbohydrates: Monosaccharide- simplest (simple sugar); Ex. – glucose, fructose Polymer of Carbohydrates: Polysaccharides- large carbohydrate molecule (composed of many monosaccharides); Ex. – starch, glycogen, cellulose, sucrose, lactose Function 1. Starch- energy storage by plant cells 2. Glycogen- mammals store energy in liver in form of glycogen 3. Cellulose- forms cell wall of plants & give structural support

6. Lipids Large biomolecule made mostly of carbon and hydrogen with small amount of oxygen Monomer of Lipids: Fatty Acid Examples : Fats, oils, steroids Function : Used for energy storage; insulation and protective covering- major component of membranes that surround all loving cell Special Feature - insoluble in water because molecules are nonpolar (not attracted to water)

8. Proteins Large complex polymer composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur Structure: Amino acid sequence (forming covalent, or peptide binds between one another) Monomers: Amino acids Examples: enzymes (catalyst), keratin (structural), collagen (structural), hemoglobin (functional-oxygen transport) Function: Building blocks of structural components of living organisms; used in contracting muscle tissue; transportation of oxygen to bloodstream; immune response; regulating other proteins; carrying out chemical reactions

10. Nucleic Acids Complex biomolecule that stores cellular information in the form of a code Structure: Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus arranged in three groups- a nitrogenous base, a simple sugar, phosphate group Monomer: nucleotides Examples: DNA, RNA Function: Stores cellular information 1. DNA- contains instructions to form enzymes and structural proteins; forms genetic code 2. RNA- forms a copy of DNA for use in making proteins

11. RNA!