Learning Objective: – Today I will be able to explain how tensions between the US & the Soviet Union developed by identifying their different viewpoints. Agenda: 1.Learning Objective 2.Lecture Notes: Ch US vs. Soviet Union 3.Read Ch Timeline 5.Exit Slip

Lecture Notes: Ch Cold War-Us vs. Soviet Union – Tensions between the US and the Soviet Union. – Anti-communist feelings by the US. – Soviet Union mistrust of the US. – Two economic & political systems, capitalism-democracy & communism, competed for influence and power after WWII. VS.

Yalta Conference – Feb, 1945: US, Great Britain, & Soviet Union met in Yalta, at a Black Sea Resort. Prime Minister Winston Churchill (Great Britain)US President Franklin D. RooseveltUSSR Leader, Joseph Stalin

– Agreements made: 1.Agreed to divide Germany into 4 zones of occupation controlled by Allied military forces: By France, GB, US, & USSR 2.Germany to pay Soviet union for loss of life & property. 3.Stalin promised to allow Eastern Europe free elections.

United Nations – 50 nations joined an international organization intended to maintain world peace and security & solve disputes between nations. – General assembly: members (countries) vote on different issues. – Security council: 11 members have power to investigate & settle issues. – 5 permanent members: (1) Great Britain, (2) China, (3) France, (4) US, & (5) Soviet Union.

h

Goals of US & Soviet Union – US & USSR were effected by WWII differently. The US had little losses compared to USSR. US Goals After WWII: Encourage democracy in other countries to help prevent rise of communist governments. Gain access to raw materials and market to fuel booming industries Rebuild European governments to promote stability and create new markets for US goods Reunite Germany to stabilize it and increase the security of Europe.

USSR Goals After WWII Encourage communism in other countries as part of a worldwide worker’s revolution Rebuild its war-ravaged economy using Eastern Europe’s industrial equipment and raw materials. Control Eastern Europe to protect Soviet borders and balance the US influence in Western Europe Keep Germany divided to prevent its waging war again.

Stalin ignored Yalta agreements to allow free elections in Eastern Europe. – Secured communist gov. in Eastern Europe. (Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Poland, and Yugoslavia).

Truman, Stalin, & Churchill meet in Potsdam, Germany (July 1945) – Truman demanded free elections & Stalin refused – “communism & capitalism can’t exist in the same world.”

Iron Curtain – Germany split into 2 sections German Democratic Republic, USSR controlled Federal Republic of Germany, western side controlled by US, France, & GB – Churchill described political division as an “iron curtain” (March 5, 1946)

Containment – US foreign policy that it should use force every time communists try to expand---in other words, they will do what’s necessary to contain communism. Adopted by Harry Truman. – *US believes Communists will avoid war because Com. believe they will eventually take over the world Who is the aggressor in the Cold War, USA or Soviet Union?

Truman Doctrine – March 12, 1947 – Speech Truman gave to Congress asking for foreign aid for Turkey & Greece to stop communist spread within those nations  $400 million in aid.

Marshall Plan – Plan to provide food, machinery, & other materials to Western European nations to rebuild. – Congress approved $12.5 billion program after Czechoslovakia was seize by new communist gov.

Berlin Blockade – 1948, Soviets upset at US for helping Germany rebuild & attempts to reunify Germany.  Stalin wanted Germany to stay divided & divided. – Soviets close all traffic to West Berlin preventing supplies from reaching Berlin, creating a blockade. – People in Berlin faced starvation Berlin Airlift – US flies food and aid to Berlin for 1 year, during the blockade Soviet Union lifted blockade in May vo

Cold War – Conflicts between US & Soviet Union led to a struggle over political differences carried on by using military action or war. – It is a COLD war because there were no direct battles with one another. The battles were to be the most influential & be the most powerful nation.

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) – military alliance of 12 European countries, Canada, and US – *US pledges to protect Western Europe from Russia Warsaw Pact – Soviet Response was to create its own alliance – Soviet Alliance with Eastern European Countries – Atomic Bomb- Russia explodes their own in 1949 Later, US develops Hydrogen Bomb (20xs bigger than Atomic Bomb)

Brinksmanship – Willingness to go to the brink, edge of war began in Dwight D. Eisenhower’s presidency, – US strengthened its air force, nuclear weapons, & military power.  arms race Space Race – Science & education develop also competed, especially to develop rockets for space travel.

American Genius: Space Race, Episode 6

Exit Slip Identify two things that make the US and the Soviet Union different. How did their differences lead to tensions?