CHAPTER TWENTY ORDER OF PRONOUNS AND SPELLING OF POSSESSIVES

Order of Pronouns- when referring to someone else AND yourself in the same sentence, mention the other person’s name before you mention your own.Order of Pronouns- when referring to someone else AND yourself in the same sentence, mention the other person’s name before you mention your own. Possessive Pronouns- look at your list from earlier chapters. Pay close attention to how they are spelled because they differ from other possessive nouns.Possessive Pronouns- look at your list from earlier chapters. Pay close attention to how they are spelled because they differ from other possessive nouns. Possessive pronouns DO NOT contain apostrophes.Possessive pronouns DO NOT contain apostrophes.

Be careful with the following words Its is the possessive pronoun. It’s is a contraction for IT IS. Its is the possessive pronoun. It’s is a contraction for IT IS. Whose is the possessive pronoun. Who’s is a contraction for WHO IS.Whose is the possessive pronoun. Who’s is a contraction for WHO IS. Your is the possessive pronoun. You’re is a contraction for YOU ARE.Your is the possessive pronoun. You’re is a contraction for YOU ARE. Their is the possessive pronoun. They’re is a contraction for THEY ARE.Their is the possessive pronoun. They’re is a contraction for THEY ARE.

CHAPTER TWENTY- ONE CAPITALIZATON

RULES TO LIVE BY: Capitalize all parts of a person’s name.Capitalize all parts of a person’s name. Capitalize the titles of relatives ONLY WHEN the titles precede the person’s name or when they take the play of a person’s name. Uncle Max. Are you ready, Mother?Capitalize the titles of relatives ONLY WHEN the titles precede the person’s name or when they take the play of a person’s name. Uncle Max. Are you ready, Mother? Capitalize the names of streets, cities, and states.Capitalize the names of streets, cities, and states. Capitalize the names of countries, languages, and ethnic groups.Capitalize the names of countries, languages, and ethnic groups. Capitalize the names of specific buildings, geographical features, schools, and other institutions.Capitalize the names of specific buildings, geographical features, schools, and other institutions. Capitalize the days of the week, the months of the year, and the names of holidays. Do NOT capitalize the seasons of the year.Capitalize the days of the week, the months of the year, and the names of holidays. Do NOT capitalize the seasons of the year.

RULES TO LIVE BY (Continued) Capitalize directions on a compass only when they refer to specific regions. Her accent revealed that she had been raised in the South.Capitalize directions on a compass only when they refer to specific regions. Her accent revealed that she had been raised in the South. Capitalize the names of companies and brand names but not the names of the products themselves. Campbell’s soup. Kleenex facial tissue.Capitalize the names of companies and brand names but not the names of the products themselves. Campbell’s soup. Kleenex facial tissue. Capitalize the first word of every sentence.Capitalize the first word of every sentence. Capitalize the subject pronoun I.Capitalize the subject pronoun I. Capitalize the first word of a title and all other words except for articles and conjunctions and prepositions that have fewer than five letters.Capitalize the first word of a title and all other words except for articles and conjunctions and prepositions that have fewer than five letters. I loved the novel The House of the Seven Gables by Hawthorne.

RULES TO LIVE BY (Still Continued): Capitalize the names of academic subjects only if they are already proper nouns or if they are common nouns followed by a course number.Capitalize the names of academic subjects only if they are already proper nouns or if they are common nouns followed by a course number. Her schedule of classes included English, economics, and Psychology 101. Capitalize the names of specific historical events, such as wars, revolutions, religious and political movements and specific eras.Capitalize the names of specific historical events, such as wars, revolutions, religious and political movements and specific eras. The Roaring Twenties came to an end with the start of the Depression. Martin Luther was a key figure in the Protestant Reformation. The last great war was World War Two.

CHAPTER TWENTY- TWO MORE PUNCTUATION

**It is customary to separate introductory material from an independent clause that follows it. 1. An introductory dependent clause: When buying fruit, poke it with a stick. 2. An introductory prepositional phrase: With joy in her heart, she accepted the award. 2. An introductory prepositional phrase: With joy in her heart, she accepted the award. 3. An introductory participial phrase: Frightened by the noise, the boy hid. Watching the ocean, the swimmers were excited about the race.

It is also customary to separate coordinate adjectives modifying the same noun. They own a small, cozy cottage. **You can use a DASH to really emphasize the importance or abruptness of words. February- or maybe March- will be our last practice exam. At the part, he sang our favorite songs- Broadway show tunes.

Use a colon to introduce lists, summaries, series, and quotations. What follows the colon is not necessarily an independent clause; it may be a fragment.Use a colon to introduce lists, summaries, series, and quotations. What follows the colon is not necessarily an independent clause; it may be a fragment. He is study three novelists: Hemingway, Fitzgerald, and Stein. Shakespeare said it so well: “To thine own self be true.”

**Apostrophe in nouns and indefinite pronouns makes those words possessive. Ben’s games, everyone’s responsibility **If the noun is singular and ends in –s, -sh, or –z sound, add either the apostrophe alone or an apostrophe and another –s. Yeats’ poetry or Yeats’s poetry **For most plural nouns (those ending in –s, - sh, or –z sound), use the apostrophe alone. Five cents’ worth, the Phillips’ house

**For plural nouns not ending in –s, -sh, or –z sound, add ‘s. men’s issues, children’s toys **Sometimes possession is indicated by both an apostrophe and OF in a prepositional phrase. That CD of John’s is my favorite. Is this CD John’s? ** Direct quotations make writing vivid. Enclose them in quotation marks. “Give me liberty, or give me death.” “Friends,” the speaker said, “it’s time for a new beginning.”

RULES FOR QUOTATION MARKS: THE COMMA AND PERIOD ARE ALWAYS PLACED INSIDE THE QUOTATION MARKS.THE COMMA AND PERIOD ARE ALWAYS PLACED INSIDE THE QUOTATION MARKS. THE COLON AND SEMICOLON ARE ALWAYS PLACED OUTSIDE THE QUOTATION MARKS.THE COLON AND SEMICOLON ARE ALWAYS PLACED OUTSIDE THE QUOTATION MARKS. QUESTION MARKS, EXCLAMATION MARKS, AND DASHES ARE PLACED INSIDE THE QUOTATION IF THEY APPLY ONLY OT THE QUOTED MATERIAL AND AFTER IF THEY APPLY TO THE WHOLE SENTENCE. QUESTION MARKS, EXCLAMATION MARKS, AND DASHES ARE PLACED INSIDE THE QUOTATION IF THEY APPLY ONLY OT THE QUOTED MATERIAL AND AFTER IF THEY APPLY TO THE WHOLE SENTENCE.

**Italics are special slanted typeface used by printers. Indicate the same thing as underlining.