Vocab Pg. 965 Iron Curtain; United Nations; Satellite States; Policy of Containment; Arms Race (Brinkmanship); Domino Theory; Truman Doctrine; Marshall Plan; NATO; Warsaw Pact

The Cold War Begins

Yalta Feb Big Three agree to post- war World Peacekeeping Organization – United Nations Stalin agreed to free elections – Wanted “Satellite States” Germany surrenders unconditionally – Divided into 4 zones Churchill, FDR, Stalin

Potsdam July 1945 New leaders in Great Britain and U.S. Stalin breaks his promise – No free elections Berlin is now divided – East and West The Iron Curtain is created Clement Atlee, Harry Truman, Stalin

Tensions Increase

Conflicting Ideas USA: Democracy and Capitalism Elections and private property Soviet Union: Communism One party rule and state owned property

Containment Communists believed in worldwide revolution Policy created to stop the Soviets from expanding

Truman Doctrine U.S. will give money to foreign nations fighting communism Prevents Soviet domination of Turkey and Greece

Marshall Plan Poor nations are more likely to adopt Communism. Therefore…. Give an economic aid package Goal was to rebuild Europe’s economy – Containment

Berlin Airlift Problem: – Soviets blockade all traffic to West Berlin Solution: – U.S. and Britain fly in supplies for 2 million people Airlift was successful – Blockade ended in 1949

Berlin Airlift

Follow-up Qs: In your notebook write a statement that answers the following questions 1.What promise did Stalin break by the Potsdam Conference? 2.What policy did the U.S. adopt to prevent the spread of communism? 3.How did the U.S. provide aid and assist countries that didn’t want to be dominated by communists? 4.How did the Soviets respond to U.S. resistance of communist expansion? How did the U.S. react?

Arms Race Begins Soviets develop and test their first nuclear bomb after Berlin Airlift Led to an arms race between U.S. and Soviets – Built up their armies and weapons – Increased nuclear weapons supply Alliances needed to be formed – Cold War heats up

NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization Alliance between U.S., Canada and Western European Democracies Each defends the others against attack.

Warsaw Pact Soviet response to NATO. Military alliance with Communist Eastern European nations.

Arms Race and Division of Powers NATO and Warsaw Pact increased tensions Nuclear weapons become more powerful – Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs) Policy of deterrence – More weapons=Less chance of attack Iron Curtain – Imaginary line dividing NATO and Warsaw Pact members Berlin Wall – Created by Nikita Khrushchev – Stopped flow of refugees leaving Berlin – Symbol of division between West and East (Democracy and Communism)

The Iron Curtain: a line that separated NATO and Warsaw Pact in Europe.

Cold War Map Use the map on p. 901 to complete the assignment Label each European country on the Cold War Map Draw a line symbolizing the Iron Curtain Color code each country to indicate if it is either NATO, Warsaw Pact, or nonaligned.