Lesson One: Nouns & Verbs

 Definition:  A person, place, thing, or an idea  Function: Subject or Object in a sentence

 Words that tell what the noun (subject or object) is doing or being.  To be (Anaiya is.)  To do (Rontrez ran.)  Forms of “to be” ▪ Am, is, are, was, were, be, being, have/has been

 You must have a noun and a verb-  With 2 exceptions: ▪ Pronoun- substitutes for a noun. ▪ “I am.” ▪ Understood “you.” ▪ “Run!”

Lesson Two: Adjectives & Adverbs

 DESCRIBE nouns and pronouns (subjects or objects).  That is ALL they do!!! ▪ The girl is pretty. ▪ That is a nice dog.

 Answer the questions:  Which one?  What kind?  How many?  How much?  Articles are adjectives. They tell “which one.”  A  An  The

 DESCRIBE verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.  That is ALL they do!!!  He ran fast. (describing a verb)  She finished the test very quickly. (one describing a verb and another describing an adverb.)  Maria is extravagantly beautiful. (describing an adjective)  They often end in –ly.

 Answer the questions:  How?  When?  Where?  To what extent?

Lesson Three: Phrases

 A group of words that contains either a noun or a verb- but not both.  Prepositional phrases ▪ Contain ▪ a preposition ▪ a noun- the object of the preposition ▪ (optional) modifiers- adjectives or adverbs describing the object ▪ Function ▪ Describe the subject or the verb in the sentence ▪ They act as adjectives and adverbs

 Kinds of Phrases  Appositive Phrases ▪ A noun phrase that renames someone or something ▪ Michele, my best friend, is coming to dinner.  Infinitive Phrase ▪ To + verb ▪ To run, to scream

 Participial & Gerund Phrases  Laughing wildly, she ran down the path.  The actor, pausing for a moment, looked at the crowd.  He showed us the cabinet, painted a brilliant green.  His favorite activity is sailing down the Nahanni River.

 2 Types:  Independent Clause- a complete sentence  Dependent Clause- looks like a sentence and contains a noun and verb but isn’t a complete sentence because it begins with a subordinating conjunction. ▪ A subordinating conjunction joins a subordinate clause (dependent clause) to a main clause (an independent clause). ▪ The following is a list of the most common subordinating conjunctions.

 after  how  till ( or 'til)  although  if  unless  as as  until  when  as long as  whenever  as much as  now that  where  as soon as  provided (that)  wherever  as though  since  while  because because  so that  before  than than  even if  that that  even though  though