1. Parts of Speech Major source: Wikipedia

2. Adjectives An adjective is a word that modifies a noun or a pronoun, usually by describing it or making its meaning more specific. Articles are sometimes separated out as a different part of speech.

3. Adverbs An adverb modifies any other part of language except for nouns: verbs, adjectives (including numbers), clauses, sentences and other adverbs. Adverbs typically answer such questions as how?, when?, where?, in what way?, or how often?

4. Conjunctions A conjunction is a part of speech that connects two words, phrases or clauses together. Coordinating conjunctions join two items of equal syntactic importance. (and, but, for) Subordinating conjunctions introduce a dependent clause. (after, although, if, unless, because)

5. Interjections An interjection usually has no grammatical connection to the rest of the sentence and simply expresses emotion on the part of the speaker.

6. Nouns A noun is a word that names a person, place or thing. A proper noun names a particular person, place or thing and is capitalized.

7. Prepositions A preposition is a word that tells you where a mouse can go. It introduces a phrase showing temporal, spatial or logical relationships.

8. Pronouns A pronoun is a word that substitutes for a noun or noun phrase. They come in different types: personal, indefinite (both, each, no one), demonstrative (those), relative (who, which), interrogative.

9. Verbs A verb is a word that expresses an action or a state of being. Action verbs may have direct objects. (He read the paper.) Linking verbs may have a predicate. (He is president. This tastes good. I feel good.) Helping verbs: to be, to have.