Chapter 15, Section 2 Enduring Traditions

China Xi Chang Huang He

Earliest Civilization 1650 B.C. – Shang Dynasty (government – was well organized) Anyang (capital of Shang) – found palaces, temples, and burials Battled nomads with chariots Beijing

Earliest Civilization Religion Heaven was home to many Gods (Shang Di – Chief God) King was “Son of Heaven” – communicated with gods; oracle bones; link between heaven and earth. Achievements Own form of writing based on pictographs (10,000 characters) Used ideographs – symbols to express beauty, joy and justice Accurate Calendar (farmers); bronze

Bronze Pu Vessel – used for making tea

Ideas About Government and Society 1027 B.C. Zhou invaded from northwest Mandate of Heaven Heaven granted ruler right to rule (owed complete loyalty) Explained Dynastic Cycle – rise and fall of ruling families

Dynastic Cycle New Dynasty Dynasty Ages Dynasty Loses Mandate Problems Arise New Dynasty Claims Mandate Dynasty Becomes Corrupt

Dynastic Cycle Pg. 329 of book

Ideas About Government and Society 3 Schools of Thought 700 B.C. – Zhou had little control (lords set up individual states) What principles should guide human conduct and ensure order?

Teaching of Confucius Analects – collections of Confucius teachings Born 551 B.C. – warfare disturbed Confucius; taught small groups 5 relationships – father/son; brother/brother; husband/wife; friends; ruler/ruled

Teachings of Confucius Filial Piety – duty and respect children owe their parents Influenced other countries; stressed education; group above individual

Daoism (Lao Zi) Taoism (philosophy and religion) Emphasized link between people and nature Way of Virtue (where ideas are contained) Best way to live was natural way Best government has fewest rules Inventions - Compass and Gunpowder

Yin Yang Symbol

Yin and Yang A Chinese picture of universal harmony and the unity between complimentary opposites: light/dark, male/female, etc. Yin is the dark, passive, negative female principle. Yang is the light, active, positive principle.

Yin and Yang - Balances in Nature

Yin Yang Jean Girrard

Legalism (Han Feizi) People act out of self-interest (rewards and punishments) Strong ruler (ensure order) – 221 BC Qin and Shi Huangdi used legalism

Quotes “I hear and I forget. I see and I remember. I do and I understand.” -Confucius “What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others.” - Confucius “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” – Lao Zi

Buddhism Offered escape from suffering on Earth Salvation for those who lived moral lives/ punishment for wicked Combined with Confucianism and Daoism Buddhism was a true religion