1. Chapter 21 Three Chinese Philosophies
History Alive
Chapter 21
Three Chinese Philosophies

2. Key Terms Mandate of Heaven
A power or law believed to be granted by a god
Feudalism
A system of government based on landowners and tenants
Zhou dynasty
Lasted from 1045 to 256 B.C.E. In later years different leaders fought for control of China. The country was thrown into disorder. Three philosophies emerged about the best way t have peace and order in society.
Yin and yang
Opposite forced in nature such as life and death. True harmony came from balancing these forces.

3. The Chinese Feudal System
King
Lords
Peasants
What group belongs in the box at the bottom of this diagram?

4. claimed to have a mandate from heaven.
The Zhou dynasty came after the
The Zhou dynasty kept order in China far several hundred years because it
As the Zhou dynasty broke down several small states gained power in what was called
The Warring States Period
All this disorder lead to the development of
Three school of thought: Daoism, Confucianism, Legalism
Shang Dynasty.
claimed to have a mandate from heaven.

5. In Confucianism people must obey those above them and in return they
Daoism’s book, Dao De Jing, was supposedly written by Lao Tzi but scholars think
In Confucianism people must obey those above them and in return they
What are basic facts on legalism?
Was likely written over time by many writers (p. 210)
Must treat those below well and set a good example
People are naturally selfish.
Because of this strict laws are needed and punishments for breaking laws must be harsh.
Civil servants should be monitored closely and punished if they do a bad job.

6. Confucianism Philosophy Goal How Achieved Influence Confucianism
Founder:
Confucius
Civil servants were hired on the bases of ability and had to pass tests.
Values such as respect for elders, proper behavior and love of scholarship became part of Chinese culture.
All people must respect and obey those above them. Those with authority should set a good example.
A just and peaceful society

7. Daoism Philosophy Goal How Achieved Influence Daoism Founder: Laozi
Happiness and peace were gained by living in harmony with nature.
Rulers were encouraged to rule less harshly. Influenced Chinese thought, writing and art. Daoism developed into a popular religion.
Simple and natural living.

8. Legalism Philosophy Goal How Achieved Influence Legalism Founder:
Hanfeizi
The Qin dynasty used legalist ideas to build a strong central government and well-organized society.
Rulers should establish strict laws with rewards for good behavior and harsh punishment for bad behavior.
Peace and order in society