1. Major Philosophies of China
Confucianism
Legalism
Taoism

2. The Warring States Period
Warfare broke out between nobles at the end of Zhou dynasty
Led to period of upheaval and chaos
People began to think about the best way to restore:
Social order
Harmony
Respect for authority

3. Confucius 551 BC- 479 BC Known as Kongfuzi
Chinese teacher and philosopher
Philosopher
A person who offers theories or ideas on “big questions”
Developed a theory of how to establish stability in China

4. Confucianism Confucius believed that: People are naturally good
People should treat each other humanely
Importance of education in creating good, stable government
Need for educated civil servants
Individual must find and accept their proper place in society

5. Confucianism
Believed society should be organized around five basic relationships
Ruler -----Subject
Father-----Son
Husband----Wife
Older Brother----Younger Brother
Friend----Friend

6. The Five Relationship

7. The Five Relationships
Example:
Rulers should practice kindness and virtuous living
Subjects should be loyal and law abiding
Stressed importance of:
Family
Filial Piety
Children should respect their parents and elders
Worship ancestors
Patriarchal society
Education

8. Major Principles of Confucianism
Li --> Rite, rules, how you should act in a community
Ren --> humaneness for others; helping others
Shu --> Reciprocity, empathy
Do not do unto others what you would not want others to do unto you.
Yi --> Righteousness and morality
Xiao --> Filial Piety (Respect your parents and elders)

9. The Analects
Book containing Confucius thoughts on how to improve society
Became the basis for Chinese civil service exams and bureaucracy
Government workers

10. Confucian Temple Complex

11. Significance of Confucianism
Cornerstone of Chinese tradition and culture
Adopted by most Chinese
preserved patriarchal society
Spread to areas that were under China’s control or influence
Korea and Vietnam

12. Legalism Founded by Han Feizi
Lived during the Warring States period
Became the political philosophy of the Qin Dynasty

13. Principles of Legalism
Human nature is naturally selfish; humans are by nature evil
Rulers needed to be strong and govern through force
Laws must be strict and based on rewards and punishments to maintain order
Supported harsh penalties
Branding and mutilation for minor crimes

14. Principles of Legalism
Placed little value on education
should be controlled by government
Ideas needed to be strictly controlled
Rulers should burn all writings that are critical of the government
War is needed to strengthen the rulers power

15. Daoism Founded by Lao Zi Began during the Warring States Period
Stressed importance of balance in nature
Yin
Yang

16. The Universe of Opposites:
Yin
Masculine
Active
Light
Warmth
Strong
Heaven; Sun
Feminine
Passive
Darkness
Cold
Weak
Earth; Moon
Yang

17. Daoism “The Way” The Tao
A universal life force that is present in nature
Guides all things
Human understanding of nature and harmony achieved by following “the way”

18. Daoism
Believed that education and politics are not necessary for harmony
Natural flow of events would solve problems
Rely on senses and instincts
Stressed importance of individuals and less government

20. The Question
How do we best achieve social order and harmony in society??
Confucianism --> Moral order in society.
Legalism --> Rule by harsh law & order.
Daoism --> Freedom for individuals and less govt. to avoid uniformity and conformity.

21. China Review What is this structure
What does it tell us about the Chinese view of the outside world?

22. China Review What trade route is shown in this map?
What impact did it have on China?

23. China Review

24. China Review
Explain the process that is shown in this image?

25. China Review Zhou Dynasty Shang Dynasty Qin Dynasty Han Dynasty
Warring States Period

26. China Review Confucius Han Feizi The Han Feizi Lao Tzu The Analects
“The Way”
The Han Feizi
Lao Tzu
Filial Piety
The Analects
The Way of Virtue
Seek a balance with nature
Developed during warring states period
Placed high value on education
rather than punishment
The Five Relationships
Harsh penalties for breaking laws
Ways to establish order in society
Strict control of education and free thinking
Placed little value on education