Question 6 – On the Back! Where did you locate Ms. Averell’s house? Why did you choose this location?

Urban Gentrification

What is Gentrification? Process by which poor and deteriorating neighborhoods are revitalized –Homebuyers –Landlords –Professional Developers

What Causes Gentrification? Changes in the Economy –Service-based –Rising costs (housing, gas, etc.) –Rent gap Changes in Society –Work Force –Family and Household Size Changes in Culture –Environmentalism –Suburban “blues” –Counter culture

Where is Gentrification Taking Place? Types of Countries –Western, capitalist Types of Cities –Strong service sector –Healthy economies Types of Neighborhoods –Near CBD –Historic character –Near pre-established elite area –Near urban amenities

Who is Involved? Gentrifiers Gentrified (Displaced) Gatekeepers

Process of Gentrification Early StageMid StageLate Stage Where Near CBD, High Income Areas, Amenities, Historic Sig. Same Gentrifiers Artists, Students, Counterculture, Single Parents Yuppies Dinks Elite Cosmopolites Gentrified “Original” Residents, Lower and Working Classes More “originals” and marginal gentrifiers Affluent—Originals and marginals can’t afford to live here Gatekeepers Banks, Mortgage Companies, Police Architects, Police, Planners, Developers Residents themselves

Gentrified housing in the Georgetown section of Washington, D.C.

Gentrification in Old Town Alexandria, Virginia

Where is this happening in Charlotte? Fourth Ward Dilworth Plaza Midwood

Crowell-Berryhill Store (1897) Berryhill House (1884)

Overcarsh House (1880) Liddell-McNinch (1890)

Costs and Benefits of Gentrification Rising Property Values Decline in Affordable Housing Displacement Homelessness Concentrated Urban Poverty Loss of “real” history Rejuvenates deteriorated urban core Generates rising tax base Generates service improvements Environmental Historic preservation Improved city image

Urban Sprawl Urban sprawl: unrestricted growth of housing, commercial developments, and roads over large expanses of land, with little concern for urban planning

A. Suburbanization in the United States is associated with all of the following except: 1. loss of agricultural land 2. white flight 3. efficient use of space 4. taking the tax base out of the central city 5. high use of cars for commuting

B. After 1970, new suburban downtowns (edge cities) were spawned in the outer city of Los Angeles, with their leading concentrations: 1. at the approaches to key bridges 2. near freeway intersections 3. along the coast 4. near the industrial zones 5. near hubs of public transportation

C. According to the multiple nuclei model, an airport is likely to attract nearby: 1. universities 2. residences 3. shops 4. industries 5. all of the above

D. Which of the following is both the least urbanized and the most rapidly urbanizing part of the world? 1. Middle America 2. South Asia 3. Europe 4. East Asia 5. Sub-Saharan Africa

E. New York’s Times Square and Berlin’s Potzdammer Platz are examples of giant media reshaping cities into: 1. spaces of consumption 2. planned communities 3. new urbanism 4. theme parks 5. industrial districts

A. Suburbanization in the United States is associated with all of the following except: 1. loss of agricultural land 2. white flight 3. efficient use of space 4. taking the tax base out of the central city 5. high use of cars for commuting

B. After 1970, new suburban downtowns (edge cities) were spawned in the outer city of Los Angeles, with their leading concentrations: 1. at the approaches to key bridges 2. near freeway intersections 3. along the coast 4. near the industrial zones 5. near hubs of public transportation

C. According to the multiple nuclei model, an airport is likely to attract nearby: 1. universities 2. residences 3. shops 4. industries 5. all of the above

D. Which of the following is both the least urbanized and the most rapidly urbanizing part of the world? 1. Middle America 2. South Asia 3. Europe 4. East Asia 5. Sub-Saharan Africa

E. New York’s Times Square and Berlin’s Potzdammer Platz are examples of giant media reshaping cities into: 1. spaces of consumption 2. planned communities 3. new urbanism 4. theme parks 5. industrial districts