1. Types of Communities and Urban Sprawl

2. Urbanization has three main definitions you will need to know for the exam: The proportion of a country’s population who reside in urban Settings 80% of India’s population still reside in rural settings, 20% lives in urban settings The movement of people from rural to urban areas Many people move to the Halifax Area from rural nova scotia for various reasons, (examples: work, education, etc.) The physical expansion of towns Halifax is creeping out further and further because of a population increase.

3. Central Place Function: This community is a hub for services to smaller communities around them. Specialized Function: These communities have an unusually large percentage of their labour force employed in one type of work Break of Bulk Communities: These communities are used for “transshipment,” or as a hub for goods.

4. Urban Sprawl Seoul, South Korea

5. “The spreading of urban developments (houses and shopping centers) on undeveloped land near a city” “The growth of neighborhoods where people live and shop.” - Mr. D. Smith

6. Problems 1) Land use conflicts- There might already be something near a new residential development that residents would not appreciate. They will move in anyway and then complain when they notice the problem.

7. 2) Social conflicts: New people may not mix with the original people, may expect different things.

8. 3) Inefficient land use: Laws aren ’ t ususally ready to adapt to new residents and the desires they bring in, so the market decides how land is used. Big expensive residential properties instead of farm land necessary wetlands or habitat destroyed for mini-malls and car dealerships Etc.

9. 4) Increased energy consumption. How does living in a suburb need more energy than living in a city?

10. 5) Increased financial burden: People move out of the city and so their money often goes with them Purchasing goods and services taxes

11. Solutions Higher density housing Improve and encourage public transit,cycling, and walking “Green-up” parks libraries, ban new highways Victoria, BC

12. Co-housing – reduces cost and keeps people in the city Build up instead of out to provide inexpensive housing Mixed activity areas houses, shops, businesses, offices

13. Concentric Zone Theory Earliest model to explain urban social structures and how they organize themselves. This model does not work well with cities outside the USA 1920 - Earnest Burgess

14. Concentric Zone Theory 1. Central business district 2. Wholesale/light manufacturing 3. Low-class residential 4. Middle-class residential 5. High-class residential 10. Commuter Zone 1920 - Earnest Burgess

15. 1. Central business district 2. Wholesale/light manufacturing 3. Low-class residential 4. Middle-class residential 5. High-class residential Sector Theory 1939 - Homer Hoyt- economist Lower-class residential areas tend to be located near railroads and manufacturing sites.

16. 1. Central business district 2. Wholesale/light manufacturing 3. Low-class residential 4. Middle-class residential 5. High-class residential Sector Theory 1939 - Homer Hoyt- economist Was meant to modify the theory to allow for outward growth along transportation routes.

17. 1.Central business district 2.Wholesale/light manufacturing 3.Low-class residential 4.Middle-class residential 5.High-class residential 6.Heavy manufacturing 7.Outlying business district 8.Residential suburb 9.Industrial suburb 10.Commuter zone Multiple Nuclei Theory 1945 - Chauncy Harris and Edward Ullman Residential areas begin to act as business districts

18. Urban Sprawl A city expanding outward, overtaking the land around it

19. Suburbanization The specific development of residential areas that are separated from the work places of a city

20. Information Provided by Mr. D. Smith Presentation Created by Ms. R. Wilkins