1. Intro to Urban Geography 1 What do you see?

2. Agenda: Umm…Awesome stuff about cities –Videos –Blurbs –Etc. Not so awesome stuff about urban models but super important… 2

3. Dubai – 3 minute VideoDubai The Places We Live – Interactive Train running through marketplace Little Boxes – Placelessness Best and Worst Commutes Growth of NYC - news Chicago's Urban Footprint through time - Scroll to second imageChicago's Urban Footprint through time - Scroll to second image 10 most segregated cities 3

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5. How Shanty Towns Rise Up NYC Before the City – Start at 3 minutesNYC Before the City Article – What It’s Like to Be In Hell. Henry Horner Homes 5

6. 6 Urban Functions Early functions –Government centers –Protection –Agglomeration Economy sectors –Primary –Secondary –Tertiary Economic bases –Basic sector –Non-basic sector –Multiplier effect

7. 7 Locations of Cities Site factors –Characteristics of location Situation factors –Other cities –Transportation/trade routes

8. 8 Models of Urban Form Four models of internal patterns –Concentric zone –Sector –Multiple-nuclei –Peripheral Social factors Government Environmental concerns

9. Concentric Zone Model

10. Concentric Zone Model – 1923 – E.W. Burgess First model to explain the distribution of different social groups within urban areas Model suggests that a city grows outward from a central area in a series of concentric rings. –CBD: innermost ring where nonresidential activities occur –A Zone in Transition: area eventually consumed by CBD –Zone of Working-Class Homes: modest, older houses –Zone of Better Residence: newer, larger houses for middle-class families –Commuter Zone: beyond the continuous built-up 10

11. CBD

12. Sector Model

13. Sector Model – 1939 – Homer Hoyt Model that posits a city develops in a series of sectors, not rings. As a city grows, activities expand outward in a wedge, or sector, from the center. 13

14. Multiple Nuclei Model

15. Multiple Nuclei Model – 1945 – Harris and Ullman Model posits that a city is a complex structure that includes more than one center around which activities revolve. Examples Ports Universities Airports Parks Concentric – rings, Sector – corridors Multi-Nuclei – nodes 15

16. Peripheral Model

17. Peripheral Model - Harris This model relates more to the areas outside the city. An urban area consists of an inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and business areas tied together by a beltway or ring road. The idea here is that the peripheral areas do not suffer the problems of inner cities – the poor, deterioration, crime, congestion BUT the periphery will suffer from the problems of urban sprawl and segregation (being disconnected from the rest of the city) 17

18. Latin American Model – 1980 – Griffin and Ford In many Latin American cities, the wealthy live in the inner city and in a sector extending along a commercial spine.

19. Geographic Applications of the Models –Examples Concentric Zone Model –Families in newer houses tend to live in an outer ring –Families in older houses tend to live in an inner ring Sector Model –Given two families who own their homes, the family with the higher income will not live in the same sector as the family with a lower income. Nuclei Model –People with same ethnic background are likely to live near each other. 19