Nationalism and Sectionalism Chapter 11 sec. 3

One American’s Story In the early 1800s the North began to industrialize and the South began to rely more on growing cotton. Nationalism pulled people from the two regions together  def: Nationalism is a feeling of pride, loyalty, and protectiveness toward your country  Henry Clay from Kentucky was a strong nationalist

Nationalism Unites the Country The American System  designed to make America economically self- sufficient  promoted by Henry Clay  3 parts establish a protective tariff to prevent foreign competition establish a national bank to promote a single currency making trade easier improve the country’s transportation system

Roads and Canals link cities a transportation system was encouraged in order to unite the country a National Road extended from Cumberland, Maryland to Vandalia, Illinois

Roads and Canals link cities The Age of Canals  the period from was known as the Age of Canals  The Erie Canal created a water route between New York City, NY and Buffalo, NY opened the upper Ohio Valley and Great Lakes region to settlement and trade fueled nationalism by linking the Northeast and the Midwest  farm products from the Great lakes could flow east  manufactured goods from the East could flow west trade helped NYC become the nation’s largest city

Roads and Canals link cities Steam Powered Trains  in 1830 only 30 miles of track in the US  in miles  rail travel led to the decline in the use of canals

The Era of Good Feelings growth in nationalism led to a loyalty shift from state governments to the national government Democratic-Republican James Monroe became president in 1816  Federalists provided little completion and soon disappeared  Political differences gave way to the Era of Good Feelings

Supreme Court Decisions The Supreme Court and John Marshall clarified powers of the federal government. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)  the state of Maryland wanted to tax its branch of the national bank  the tax would give states power over the national government  the Court ruled that a state could not tax a national bank

Supreme Court Decisions Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)  two steamship operators fought over shipping rights on the Hudson River in New York state and New Jersey  Court ruled that on the federal government could regulate interstate commerce

Settling National Boundaries US leaders wanted to define and expand the country’s borders which required agreements with Britain and Spain

Settling National Boundaries US / Britain  Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817) limited each country’s forces on the Great Lakes  Convention of 1818 the US-Canadian border at the 49th parallel was extended as far west as the Rocky Mountains

Settling National Boundaries US / Spain Relations were tense  disagreement over the boundaries of the Louisiana Purchase  disagreement over the ownership of West Florida  pirates and runaway slaves used Spanish-held East Florida as a refuge  the Seminoles of East Florida raided settlements in Georgia to reclaim land

Settling National Boundaries US / Spain In 1817 Monroe ordered General Andrew Jackson to stop the Seminole raids but not confront the Spanish Jackson followed the Seminoles into Spanish territory and claimed the Floridas for the US Monroe ordered Jackson to withdraw but gave Spain the choice of policing the Floridas or turning them over to the US

Settling National Boundaries US / Spain Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819 Spain sold Florida to the United States and gave up claims to the Oregon Country

Sectional Tensions Increase While nationalism was brining the country together in some areas, sectionalism was tearing it apart in others  def: Sectionalism is loyalty to the interests of your own region or section of the country, rather than the nation as a whole

Sectional Tensions Increase economic changes had created some divisions  the South relied on cotton and slavery  the Northeast focused on manufacturing and trade  in the West settlers wanted cheap land and good transportation

Sectional Tensions Increase Missouri applies for statehood  Missouri wanted to allow slavery in their state  the US had 11 slave states and 11 free state  adding Missouri would throw off the balance of power in Congress

The Missouri Compromise the question of Missouri divided the nation Congress debated over a proposal to ban slavery in Missouri  Southerners claimed the Constitution did not give Congress the power to ban slavery  the south worried that free states could form a majority and ban slavery altogether Maine also wanted statehood

The Missouri Compromise Henry Clay suggested a compromise – The Missouri Compromise  Missouri would be admitted as a slave state  Maine would be admitted as a free state  slavery would be banned from the Louisiana Territory north of the 36 30’ parallel, Missouri’s southern border  The balance of power in the Senate would be maintained

The Monroe Doctrine Latin America  In Latin America, several countries had successfully fought for their independence from Spain and Portugal  Some European monarchies planned to help Spain and Portugal regain their colonies  the US worried that if that happened the US might also be in danger

The Monroe Doctrine Russia  Russia had colonies in the Pacific Northwest  entered Alaska in 1784  by 1812 trading posts reached almost to San Francisco

The Monroe Doctrine Monroe Doctrine statement issued by President Monroe in response to above the Americas were closed to further colonization European efforts to reestablish colonies could be seen as a threat the US would stay out of European affairs  showed that the US saw itself as a world power and protector of Latin America  we really had no way to back any of this up and had to depend on the British Navy to do it for us