1. Unity and Sectionalism
Chapter 10.3

2. The Era of Good Feelings
Absence of major political differences
James Monroe, Republican, toured the United States meeting and greeting people
Monroe served 2 terms

3. Sectionalism Grows: Loyalty to ones region
Northern beliefs
Opposed slavery
Believed that tariffs protected American industries
Need National Bank to improve strength of America
Need to use tax money to build roads, canals, bridges (Internal Improvement).
Southern beliefs
Slavery necessary
Tariffs benefit northern factories but increase prices for southerners
State bank would protect people’s needs

4. John C. Calhoun Planter from South Carolina War Hawk
Strong supporter of state sovereignty (states’ rights)
Tariffs only benefit the Northern manufacturing companies

5. Daniel Webster From Massachusetts Senator
Supporter of Tariff of 1816 to protect Manufacturers
“liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable”

6. Henry Clay: The Great Compromiser
War Hawk
Representative from Kentucky
Tried to resolve conflicts between Northern and Southern sectionalism

7. Missouri Compromise Sectional tension increase in 1820
Main issue of contention was slavery
Missouri wanted to enter the union as a slave state (First territory to apply for statehood from Louisiana Purchase and would set a precedent.
Upset balance of power in Senate

8. Missouri Compromise
Henry Clay proposes the Missouri Compromise which would:
Ban slavery north of latitude line
Except for Missouri which would be a slave state
Maine will enter as a free state
This would keep the balance of power in the Senate balanced!

9. The American System
The American System included a protective tariff; a program of internal improvements to build roads and canals
It would be funded by tariffs
It would provide for a national bank to lend many for the projects
Manufactures in the North could benefit the South by buying more agricultural goods from the South

10. The American System
This protective tariff passed but the South did not see an increase of agriculture purchases from the North
In the end, Henry Clay’s system went into effect and some internal improvements were made but not on the large scale that Clay had hoped for.
The national bank was created but it was still controversial.

11. McCulloch v. Maryland Federal government over state government is the issue!
Maryland taxed the Second National Bank of United States
The bank refused to pay
Under John Marshall, the courts ruled that Maryland had no right to tax the bank because it was federal property
This case set a precedent that the federal government received their authority directly from the people, not by way of the state government.

12. Gibbons v. Ogden
This case established that states could not enact legislation that would interfere with Congressional power.
Strengthen the national government!
States’ Rights advocates were outraged
Created more sectionalism. Why?

13. Foreign Affairs Agreements with Great Britain
Rush-Bagot Treaty: Set limits on number of navel vessel on the Great Lakes
Convention of 1818: Set the boundary of the Louisiana Territory between the United States and Canada at 49 parallel ling. Also allowed settlers to settle in Oregon Country.

14. Relations With Spain Andrew Jackson invaded Spanish Florida
He captured Negroes from Ft. Negro
Spain protested and wanted Jackson court-martialed for over-steeping instructions to maintain peace along disputed Florida borders
John Quincy Adams, the 6th President disagreed and did nothing to stop the raids.

15. Adams-Onis Treaty
To avoid war, Spain offered Florida to the United States.
It set the western border of the Louisiana Purchase
America becomes a transcontinental power!
An example of USA flexing its’ military muscle!
What does transcontinental mean?

16. Latin American Republics
Many countries in South America began revolting against Spanish control.
By 1824, many colonies were librated from Spain but were very unstable
Fear of European involvement in newly librated colonies created fear for Americans
The president issued a statement which is later called the Monroe Doctrine

17. Monroe Doctrine This doctrine stated:
The USA will not interfere in newly librated colonies
Europe will not interfere in newly librated colonies. Hence stated “are henceforth not be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers”
USA did not have the military power to enforce this Monroe Doctrine but it set forth an important element in American foreign policy and has remained so today.