WHI.9 and 12 Middle Ages Europe & WHI.13 Renaissance C.E. (A.D.)

Medieval Society and the Church’s Influence 2) Dates for Medieval (Middle Ages) Europe C.E. 2) Dates for Medieval (Middle Ages) Europe C.E.

3) The foundations of the Medieval Age (Middle Ages) had its roots in… a. Classical Heritage of Rome b. Christian Beliefs c. Customs of Germanic tribes 3) The foundations of the Medieval Age (Middle Ages) had its roots in… a. Classical Heritage of Rome b. Christian Beliefs c. Customs of Germanic tribes

4) As the Roman Empire fell, the Church grew in influence and became the center of many peoples’ lives.

5 ) Monks lived in monasteries, served the needs of the people, and preserved what ancient cultures? Greek and Roman

6) Missionaries spread what religion and alphabet to Germanic tribes? Christianity and Latin

7) Who was, and still is today, the leader of the Roman Catholic Church? The Pope

Charlemagne 8) With the Roman Empire gone from Europe by 500 CE, what group invaded Europe and emerged as the strongest force in Western Europe? Franks 9) Charles Martel is best known for stopping the Muslims in 732 C.E. at the Battle of Tours. 8) With the Roman Empire gone from Europe by 500 CE, what group invaded Europe and emerged as the strongest force in Western Europe? Franks 9) Charles Martel is best known for stopping the Muslims in 732 C.E. at the Battle of Tours.

10) Charlemagne, king of the Franks, was crowned Holy (New) Roman Emperor in 800 CE for his defending the Pope in battle; and this meant that the Church became powerful in politics.

11) Charlemagne reinterpreted Roman culture and he built churches, roads, and schools to unite the empire. 12) Charlemagne’s empire included modern day France and Germany in Western Europe. 11) Charlemagne reinterpreted Roman culture and he built churches, roads, and schools to unite the empire. 12) Charlemagne’s empire included modern day France and Germany in Western Europe.

Feudalism 13) The Roman Empire ended with Germanic invasions.

14) Feudalism was an agreement between lords and peasants who exchanged work & service for protection. 15) A piece of land granted to lesser nobles was called a fief. 14) Feudalism was an agreement between lords and peasants who exchanged work & service for protection. 15) A piece of land granted to lesser nobles was called a fief.

16) The hierarchy (order of society) went from king or highest lord (gave land for protection) to vassal or lesser lord (gave protection for land) to serfs or peasants (gave work for protection).

17) The economic system in Medieval Europe linking nobles and peasants to the land was called Manorialism (Manor System). 18) The lord of the Manor provided protection and serfs or peasants provided food. 19) Manors were self-sufficient which means _________________________________. 17) The economic system in Medieval Europe linking nobles and peasants to the land was called Manorialism (Manor System). 18) The lord of the Manor provided protection and serfs or peasants provided food. 19) Manors were self-sufficient which means _________________________________.

Invaders 20) What two groups moved from central continental Europe to the island of Britain (England), later becoming the English people? Angles &Saxons

21) These people came from Scandinavia in northern Europe in the 800’s CE, and were known for being fierce warriors and spread through Europe all the way to Russia. Vikings

22) The Magyars from Central Asia spread to Hungary.

23) Manors with castles provided protection from invaders and strengthened the political system of Feudalism. Invasions destroyed towns and disrupted trade.

European Nation-States 24) What leader led the Frankish Christians against the Muslims in France at the Battle of Tours? Charles Martel 25) Who was the greatest Frankish king, who established schools to preserve classical learning, and was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 800 CE? Charlemagne 24) What leader led the Frankish Christians against the Muslims in France at the Battle of Tours? Charles Martel 25) Who was the greatest Frankish king, who established schools to preserve classical learning, and was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 800 CE? Charlemagne

26) What Norman king from France invaded and unified England in 1066 CE at the Battle of Hastings? William the Conqueror 26) What Norman king from France invaded and unified England in 1066 CE at the Battle of Hastings? William the Conqueror

27) English law based on tradition and court decisions that replaced feudal rules was called what? Common Law 28) What English king replaced feudal rules with Common Law? Henry II 27) English law based on tradition and court decisions that replaced feudal rules was called what? Common Law 28) What English king replaced feudal rules with Common Law? Henry II

29) Nobles forced what English king to sign the Magna Carta? King John 30) What document limited the power of the English king? Magna Carta 29) Nobles forced what English king to sign the Magna Carta? King John 30) What document limited the power of the English king? Magna Carta

31) What legislative branch evolved in England after Common Law and the Magna Carta? Parliament 31) What legislative branch evolved in England after Common Law and the Magna Carta? Parliament

32) France grew in power under what monarch who overthrew the weak Carolingian king and established his dynasty in Paris? Hugh Capet

33) Who led the French army against England and became a unifying factor for France? Joan of Arc 34) What was the conflict called fought between France and England over land and hereditary rights? Hundred Years War 33) Who led the French army against England and became a unifying factor for France? Joan of Arc 34) What was the conflict called fought between France and England over land and hereditary rights? Hundred Years War

35) Who married in order to unite Spain? Ferdinand and Isabella 36) Who did the Spanish expel to unite the country under Catholicism? Jews and Muslims 35) Who married in order to unite Spain? Ferdinand and Isabella 36) Who did the Spanish expel to unite the country under Catholicism? Jews and Muslims

37) The Spanish Empire expanded into the Western Hemisphere under what monarch? Charles V

38) Who overthrew the Mongols and took the title of Russian czar? Ivan the Great 39) What Christian church spread from the Byzantine Empire to Russia? Orthodox 38) Who overthrew the Mongols and took the title of Russian czar? Ivan the Great 39) What Christian church spread from the Byzantine Empire to Russia? Orthodox

The Crusades and Mongols 40) The series of wars fought between Christians and Muslims for control of the Holy Land was called the Crusades. 41) What Middle Eastern city is a holy place to three monotheistic religions? Jerusalem 42) The three world religions that saw the above city as holy were: Judaism, Christianity, Islam

43) Whose speech started the Crusades stating “God wills it!”? Pope Urban II 44) When did Pope Urban II call for the First Crusade? 1095 C.E.

45) The Muslims captured Jerusalem under what leader in the Third Crusade? Saladin 46) Christians set up Crusader states in Asia Minor and the Holy Land that were later conquered by Muslims.

47) The Byzantine Empire and Eastern Orthodox Church were centered in what city? Constantinople 48) This city was sacked by Christian Crusaders in 1204 CE and later fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453 C.E. ending the Byzantine Empire. Constantinople became Istanbul the capital of the Ottoman Empire.

49) The Europeans were NOT successful in the Crusades, and the Muslims kept control of Jerusalem. Did these losses strengthen or weaken the authority of the Pope and nobles? Weaken Whose power did it strengthen? Monarchs

50) Did trade with the Middle East increase or decrease after the Crusades? Increase 51) Was the relationship between Jews, Christians, and Muslims after the Crusades good or bad? Bad

52) What areas did the Mongols invade creating an empire? Russia, China, and Muslim states in Southwest Asia The Mongols destroyed cities, such as what capital city of the Islamic empire? Baghdad

Black Death and Middle Ages Education 53) In the 14 th century, what plague decimated the European and Asian populations? Bubonic Plague This plague was also called the Black Death.

Timeline of the Black Death in Europe 1347 : An Italian ship coming from the Black Sea docked in Italy. It had flea-infested rats on board; they carried a disease known as bubonic plague. Within months it spread through Italy. 1348: The plague spread to France and Spain 1349: The plague spread to England 1353: The plague had reached ALL of Europe 1347 : An Italian ship coming from the Black Sea docked in Italy. It had flea-infested rats on board; they carried a disease known as bubonic plague. Within months it spread through Italy. 1348: The plague spread to France and Spain 1349: The plague spread to England 1353: The plague had reached ALL of Europe

Facts about the destruction of the Black Death In Europe, the Black Death killed % of the population In the early 1300’s, it killed over 35 million (35,000,000) in China In Cairo, Egypt, it killed 7,000 people per day In Europe, the Black Death killed % of the population In the early 1300’s, it killed over 35 million (35,000,000) in China In Cairo, Egypt, it killed 7,000 people per day

Characteristics of the Black Death Symptoms showed in 1-7 days; a person died 2 to 3 days after the first symptoms unhealthy and unsanitary conditions helped the plague spread faster Symptoms showed in 1-7 days; a person died 2 to 3 days after the first symptoms unhealthy and unsanitary conditions helped the plague spread faster

Ring Around the Rosie “Ring around the rosie, a pocket full of posies, ashes, ashes, we all fall down!”

54) Other effects of the Black Death (Bubonic plague) were: decline in population, scarcity (limited) of labor, feudalism weakened, economy and trade disrupted, and Church influence declined.

55) Church scholars, or monks, lived and worked in monasteries. They were among the few who could read and write They translated Greek and Arabic works into Latin. They laid the foundation for universities in Europe. They made knowledge in philosophy, medicine, and science available.

56) What wars stimulated trade between the Byzantine (Europe) and Muslim (Middle East) Empires? Crusades 57) The Church was against the banks’ practice of charging interest, called usury. 58) New accounting practices during the Renaissance included credit and the use of Arabic numerals (contact with Middle East). 56) What wars stimulated trade between the Byzantine (Europe) and Muslim (Middle East) Empires? Crusades 57) The Church was against the banks’ practice of charging interest, called usury. 58) New accounting practices during the Renaissance included credit and the use of Arabic numerals (contact with Middle East).

59) Wealth from trade with the Middle East led to the rise of city-states in what European country? Italian 60) Because of trade access to Middle East markets and Northern Europe and their independence as republics, the Italian Renaissance originated in what three northern Italian city-states? Florence, Venice, Genoa 59) Wealth from trade with the Middle East led to the rise of city-states in what European country? Italian 60) Because of trade access to Middle East markets and Northern Europe and their independence as republics, the Italian Renaissance originated in what three northern Italian city-states? Florence, Venice, Genoa

61) Wealthy merchants became patrons of the arts, and Italy became secular, or non- religious. The Medici family was the wealthy banking family who generously contributed to the arts. 61) Wealthy merchants became patrons of the arts, and Italy became secular, or non- religious. The Medici family was the wealthy banking family who generously contributed to the arts.

62) Who was the Italian politician who wrote The Prince and supported absolute power? Machiavelli - In his treatise (writing), he stated that the end justifies the means and do good if possible, but do evil when necessary. 62) Who was the Italian politician who wrote The Prince and supported absolute power? Machiavelli - In his treatise (writing), he stated that the end justifies the means and do good if possible, but do evil when necessary.

63) The Renaissance produced new ideas in art, philosophy, and literature. Renaissance means rebirth. 64) What was the intellectual movement that celebrated the individual and studied Greek and Roman cultures? Humanism 63) The Renaissance produced new ideas in art, philosophy, and literature. Renaissance means rebirth. 64) What was the intellectual movement that celebrated the individual and studied Greek and Roman cultures? Humanism

65) Italian artist who painted the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper. Leonardo da Vinci 65) Italian artist who painted the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper. Leonardo da Vinci

66) Italian artist who sculpted David and painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome, Italy. Michelangelo

Creation scene from Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel ceiling

67) Italian poet, known as the father of Humanism and wrote love sonnets (poems). Petrarch 67) Italian poet, known as the father of Humanism and wrote love sonnets (poems). Petrarch

68) Famous English writer of plays and sonnets (poems). William Shakespeare 68) Famous English writer of plays and sonnets (poems). William Shakespeare

69) Renaissance ideas changed as they spread north. Northern Renaissance thinkers merged humanism with what religion? Christianity

70) Dutch Christian Humanist who wrote The Praise of Folly, making fun of the church. Erasmus 70) Dutch Christian Humanist who wrote The Praise of Folly, making fun of the church. Erasmus

71) North Renaissance writer from England who wrote Utopia about a perfect society. Sir Thomas More 71) North Renaissance writer from England who wrote Utopia about a perfect society. Sir Thomas More

72) German who invented the moveable type printing press that increased literacy, the spread of ideas, and book sales. He also printed the Bible. Johannes Gutenberg 72) German who invented the moveable type printing press that increased literacy, the spread of ideas, and book sales. He also printed the Bible. Johannes Gutenberg

73) While Medieval art and literature focused on the Church and salvation, Renaissance art and literature focused on individuals, worldly ideas, AND Christianity.