1. Birth of European Nation States Chapter 8 The High Middle Ages

2. European monarchies ___________and began forming ___________________in the late ______________________ consolidated power medieval period nation-states

4. England William the Conqueror William the Conqueror Leader of the Norman Conquest Leader of the Norman Conquest United most of England United most of England Domesday Book Domesday Book

5. England King Henry II (1154-1189) King Henry II (1154-1189) Common Law had its beginnings during his reign Common Law had its beginnings during his reign Strengthened the Royal Courts Strengthened the Royal Courts Unified Legal System Unified Legal System

6. England King John (1199-1216) King John (1199-1216) Signed the Magna Carta, (Great Charter) Signed the Magna Carta, (Great Charter) Limited the power of the king Limited the power of the king Guaranteed certain basic political rights Guaranteed certain basic political rights No Taxation without representations No Taxation without representations Jury Trial Jury Trial Protection of the laws Protection of the laws Considered the basic rights both in England and United States Considered the basic rights both in England and United States The 100 Years ’ War between England and France helped define England as a nation. The 100 Years ’ War between England and France helped define England as a nation.

8. This king united most of England. __________________ This king was forced by nobles to sign the Magna Carta _______________ This King strengthened the Royal Courts & unified the legal system ___________ 1. King John 1. King Henry II 1. William the Conqueror

9. France Hugh Capet established the French throne in Paris His dynasty gradually expanded their control over most of France. Joan of Arc was unifying factors

10. Spain Ferdinand and Isabella unified the country and expelled Muslim Moors Ferdinand and Isabella unified the country and expelled Muslim Moors Spanish Empire in the Western Hemisphere expanded under Philip II Spanish Empire in the Western Hemisphere expanded under Philip II

11. Russia Ivan the Great threw off the rule of the Mongols Ivan the Great threw off the rule of the Mongols Centralized power in Moscow Centralized power in Moscow Expanded the Russia nation Expanded the Russia nation Power was centralized in the hands of the Tsar Power was centralized in the hands of the Tsar

12. The Crusades War to Free the Holy Land

13. The Crusades http://app.discoveryeducation.com/pl ayer/view/assetGuid/A9E671CC- 03D1-44E8-8813-70193A8636377

14. Goal of the Crusades Desire to free the Holy Land Desire to win wealth and land Search for adventure Europeans’ desire to escape trouble at Home

15. Key Events Alexius I - Byzantine emperor, asked Pope Urban II for help Alexius I - Byzantine emperor, asked Pope Urban II for help Pope Urban’ s calls for a “holy war” to free the holy Land 1096 Pope Urban’ s calls for a “holy war” to free the holy Land 1096

16. Crusades First and Second Crusades First and Second Crusades Capture of Jerusalem, 1099 Capture of Jerusalem, 1099 Set up 4 Crusader states Set up 4 Crusader states Lost Jerusalem to Saladin 1187 Lost Jerusalem to Saladin 1187 Third Crusade, European tried but failed to recapture Jerusalem Third Crusade, European tried but failed to recapture Jerusalem Richard the Lionhearted Richard the Lionhearted

17. First Crusade

18. Effects of the Crusades Economy Economy Increased trade Increased trade Money economy grew Money economy grew Monarchy Monarchy Increase power of feudal monarchs Increase power of feudal monarchs Could collect taxes to support the Crusades Could collect taxes to support the Crusades Feudalism declined because power became more centralized Feudalism declined because power became more centralized

19. Effect of Crusades on the Church Church Church Rise of Pope power Rise of Pope power Roman and Eastern Churches splits Roman and Eastern Churches splits Worldview Worldview Increased contact with other peoples Increased contact with other peoples Increased travel by Europeans Increased travel by Europeans Wider world views Wider world views

20. The End of the Middle Ages

21. 100 Years ’ War Who Who England and France England and France Causes Causes Edward III claimed the Crown of England Edward III claimed the Crown of England Outcome Outcome Set England and France on different paths Set England and France on different paths Greater sense of national feelings Greater sense of national feelings Key Events Key Events Long Bow and Cannon Long Bow and Cannon Joan of Arc Joan of Arc Parliament in England gained power Parliament in England gained power

22. Black Death The Bubonic Plague Impact of the Black Death Impact of the Black Death Decline in population Decline in population Scarcity of labor Scarcity of labor Towns freed from Feudal obligations Towns freed from Feudal obligations Decline of Church influence Decline of Church influence Disruption of trade Disruption of trade

23. Hundred Years ’ War Before Before Castles offered adequate protection Castles offered adequate protection Armored Knights dominated battlefield Armored Knights dominated battlefield England and France battle for the control of France England and France battle for the control of France After England lost control of France Longbow and cannon undermined value of knights and castles Parliament gained power of the purse French royal power extended Greater sense of national feelings England look to overseas trading ventures