CHAPTER 14 THE PRESIDENCY

I. QUALIFICATIONS AND BENEFITS Qualifications 1. Age Natural-born citizen 3. Resident for 14 years Benefits 1. House 4. Pension=cabinet 2. $400,000 salary 5. Staff of $150,000 expense 6. Camp David 7. Air force 1, Marine1

II. Powers of the President Powers of President acting alone 1. Commander in chief of armed forces 2. Commissions officers 3. Grant reprieves and pardons 4. Call Congress to special sessions 5. Receive ambassadors 6. Carries out the law/executive power 7. Appoints officers to lesser offices

Informal powers (not stated) *Power of persuasion (use of media and public opinion) *Send troops without declaration of war * Pocket Veto * Issue executive orders *make executive agreements * Conduct foreign policy initiatives *Set the legislative agenda

Powers of President shared with Senate 1. Make treaties 2. Appoint ambassadors, judges, high officials. Powers of President shared with Congress 1. Approve legislation

III.Growth of Presidential Power Commander in chief When he assumes office all military codes move beside him Manager of the economy Director of foreign affairs Take care that laws be faithfully executed Politics and public opinion give him most power

IV.DIVIDED GOVERNMENT Definition: Different party controls Congress than controls White House. Believed to cause GRIDLOCK Does GRIDLOCK matter? It is proven that important laws will get passed no matter what. A unified gov’t is not any more successful because there is difficulty in a unified party agreeing on policy.

Benefits of GRIDLOCK Magnifies checks and balances Causes delays Forces compromises Requires the creation of broad-based coalitions

V. EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRES. A.White House Office 1.Oversees political & policy interests 2. Does not have to be approved by Senate 3. Over 400 employed – NERVE CENTER 4. Organization: a. Pyramid – deals through Chief of Staff b. Circular – aids report directly to Pres. c. Ad Hoc– anyone on list meets with him Dennis McDonough

V. EXECUTIVE OFFICE (cont) B. Office of Management & Budget-OMB 1.Writes and assembles the budget 2.Devises plans for reorganization 3.Reviews proposals cabinet wants inclu- ded in President’s budget (veto power) 4.Over 500 staff Shaun Donavan

V. EXECUTIVE OFFICE (cont) C. National Security Council – 1. Advises Pres. On domestic, foreign, and military matters that relate to U.S. security 2. Members are Pres., VP, State, Def., CIA, Chairman of JT Chiefs of Staff, 3. Run by National Security Advisor 4. Information provided by CIA Susan Rice

VI. The Cabinet A.Made up of 15 depts. 1. Myth that they are collegial group giving advice to Pres. 2. Caught between defending their dept. or representing the Pres. to their department B. Up to the Pres. how to use his Cabinet as a tool of his office

VI. Cabinet (cont.) C. Who gets appointed 1. Have had some sort of federal experience 2. Expertise in administration 3. Expertise in field 4. Demographics: Does the cabinet look like America?

VII. Independent Agencies A.Make policy outside of the cabinet and White House Office B.They are quasi-legislative, quasi exec., quasi judicial. They make laws, enforce laws and punish if the law is broken (examples) EPA: clean air OSHA: Set safety standards Federal Reserve: set interest rates