1. The Presidency

5. I. The Roles of the President
The Presidency
I. The Roles of the President
Chief of State
Chief Executive
C. Chief Administrator
D. Chief Diplomat
E. Judicial Role

6. The Presidency The Roles of the President
F. Commander in Chief
G. Chief Legislator
H. Chief of Power
I. Chief Citizen
J. Party Leader
The President often performs most, if not all of these roles in any given day

7. II. Qualifications, Term of Office, and compensation
Must be a “natural-born” citizen
Must be at least 35 years of age
Must have lived in the United States for at least 14 years.

8. II. Qualifications, Term of Office, and compensation
B. Term of Office
A presidential term is four years
Until 1951, the Constitution placed no limits on the number of terms a President could serve
The 22 Amendment. (1951)
Set the limit to two terms
Could finish the term of another President, but for less than half of a term.
Cannot serve more than 10 years

9. II. Qualifications, Term of Office, and compensation
C. Compensation
The President’s salary is $400,000 a year (set by Congress)
The President also receives an expense account of $50,000.
The White House-house and office.
The use of Camp David

10. Presidential Succession
Until the 25th Amendment, the Constitution declared that the powers and duties of the office, not the office itself were to devolve to the Vice-President

11. Presidential Succession
Vice President
Speaker of the House
President pro tempore of the Senate
Secretary of State
Secretary of Treasury
Secretary of Defense
Attorney General
*All the rest of the Cabinet Secretaries in the order in which the departments were created

12. Presidency Disability
The Vice President also takes over if the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of the office (President informs Congress in writing)
The Vice President and a majority of the Cabinet members inform the Congress in writing, the President is unable to carry out his/her duties

13. The Organization of the Presidency
The Executive Office of the President Four Major policy making bodies 1. The National Security Council-(NSC) The committee that links the president’s key foreign and military policy advisors. President, Vice-President, Sec. of Defense, Sec. of State, Sec. of Homeland Security, and Joint Chiefs of Staff.

14. 2. Council of Economic Advisors-(CEA)
The council has three members, each appointed by the President, who advise him/her on economic policy. (inflation, unemployment and other economic matters)
3. The Office of Management and Budget-(OMB)
Its major responsibility is to prepare the President’s budget. Composed of a handful of political appointees and more than 600 career officials

15. 4. The Office of Policy Development-(OPD)
This group helps the President set and carry out domestic policies

16. The Cabinet

17. The Cabinet An informal body made up of people who:
Advise and speak on behalf of the president on various areas of American interests, and
Head an executive department.
Today there are 14 secretaries and the attorney general who head the executive departments, and constitute the cabinet.

18. The Cabinet (continued)
These secretaries advise the President and help shape policy but the President still makes the final policy decisions. They are nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate.

19. The Cabinet Dept. of State Dept. of Energy Dept. of Treasury
Dept. of Defense
Dept. of Justice
Dept. of Interior
Dept. of Agriculture
Dept. of Commerce
Dept. of Labor
Dept. of Health and Human Services
Dept. of Energy
Dept. of Transportation
Dept. of Housing and Urban Development
Dept. of Education
Dept. of Veterans Affairs
Dept of Homeland Security

22. The White House Staff
The White House staff consists of key aides the president sees on a daily or regular basis.
Chief of Staff
Press Secretary
Congressional Liaison people
Appointment Secretary

23. White House Staff (continued)
These are the people who owe almost total loyalty to the president and to whom he/she turns to for advice on the most mundane and most serious matters in the running of the government.

24. Some presidents have been detail men, others delegate ( Carter-Reagan)
Sometimes the White House staff are called presidential handlers.
The two key members of the White House staffs are the Chief of Staff and the Press Secretary
These two people can limit access to the president and help explain presidential decisions.

26. Presidential Powers
Executive Powers- the president must execute, put into effect, enforce and carry out all provisions of federal law.
Direction of Administration
Power of Appointment
Removal of Power

27. II. Diplomatic Powers- power to make treaties with other nations, appoint ambassadors and receive foreign diplomats. 1. Treaty Power 2. Executive Agreements 3. Power of Recognition

28. The Four Steps of a Treaty
The President and/or the Secretary of State meet with Foreign leader.
They negotiate the treaty.
The President and Foreign Leader sign the treaty.
The treaty is sent to the United States Senate for approval.
(a treaty needs 2/3rds majority to pass)

29. III. Military Powers- the president is the Commander in Chief of the armed forces. The president always has the final authority for any and all military matters. 1. War Powers Resolution- limit President’s military powers. 2. Wartime Powers

30. IV. Legislative Powers- The president can greatly influence and even lead the fight for passage of legislation. 1. Power to recommend legislation. 2. Power to veto legislation.

31. V. Judicial Powers- the president is given limited but very important judicial powers. 1. appointment- judges and justices 2. reprieve- postponement 3. pardon- forgiveness for a crime 4. amnesty- general pardon to a group 5.commutation- reduction of sentence