Colonial Takeover in Southeast Asia Britain  Singapore: stopover in & out of China; Burma: protect Indian interests & southern China France  Indochina (Indochine): Vietnam, Cambodia, Tonkin, Annam & Laos United States  Philippines: transferred from Spanish control to an American colony; stepping stone to China

Thailand as an exception Siam (Thailand) maintained independence –King Mongkut and King Chulalongkorn –Western practices & relationships –Used as a buffer by the French and British

Colonial Africa 1913: Colors are colonial territories laid over present day boundaries Yellow = Belgium Blue = France Pink = Spain Purple = Portugal Red = Great Britain Lime Green = Italy Mint Green = Germany White = Independent States

By 1914 the continent of Africa was almost entirely controlled by European imperial powers. These powers looked to control the economy, society, and government of the conquered peoples. How were European powers able to gain control of most of Africa?

Industrial Powers race to colonies Christian Missionaries were the first “explorers” of Africa’s interior Belgium sent representatives to negotiate with African chiefs –Contracts were in English –Those who refused were shot –Chiefs were forced to give up their land In the 1870s, European powers looked to fully colonize Africa. The map shows how Imperialist nations divided the continent.

Contract Je, (votre nom), acceptez de respecter tous les attentes et les règles de classe. Je vais mettre tous les matériaux requis dans la classe et de participer à toutes les activités. Je vais m'efforcer d'atteindre grandeur universitaires. Dans le cas que je ne respecte pas cet accord, je suis d'accord pour donner à tous les gains futurs à Burtness. Je vais également faire un don 100 heures de service communautaire dans une école locale ou organisation à but non lucratif, ainsi que Burtness de laver les planchers en chambre pour le reste de l'année.

I, (your name), agree to abide by all class expectations and rules. I will bring all required materials to class and participate in all activites. I will strive to achieve academic greatness. In the event that I do not honor this agreement, I agree to give all future earnings to Mr. Burtness I will also donate 100 hours of community service to a local school or non-profit organization, as well as wash the floors in Mr. Burtness’ room for the remainder of the year. Imagine if this were in some language other than English and you were held accountable to it because you repeated the sounds.

Liberia & Ethiopia were the only independent African Nations Scramble for Africa: Berlin Conference

Connected Red & Mediterranean Sea shortening trip to Asian markets Egypt needed $ so they sold their share to England Despite the voluntary sale, Egyptians grew angry & rebelled over foreign presence –1881  Led to Egypt becoming a British protectorate in 1914 Egypt & France = Partners

Causes England dedicated to expansion British settlers in Dutch colonies outnumbered Boers, descendants of original Dutch settlers British gained control of area  new language & culture Boers left the area & founded Transvaal & Orange Free State Diamonds were discovered in land of the Boers British settlers continued to move north & on Dutch controlled land

Outcomes Boers fought often with the indigenous Zulu The Boers resisted British victory & practiced guerilla warfare British arrested & imprisoned Boers Boers finally gave up (1910) Orange Free State & Transvaal became part of British Africa Created the Union of South Africa Cecil Rhodes vision of a English- speaking Empire became a reality.

Created problems between African tribesCreated problems between African tribes Forced ethnic groups into same nationForced ethnic groups into same nation Destroyed African cultureDestroyed African culture In many parts, segregation & class system based on color were introducedIn many parts, segregation & class system based on color were introduced Africa has yet to recover  corruption, instability, violence & authoritative regimes are commonAfrica has yet to recover  corruption, instability, violence & authoritative regimes are common

ASIA Whose Next?

INDIA Background 1700  Once powerful Mogul Empire was falling apart 1760s  England won the French-Indian War; forcing France out of India British East Indian Company took over trading in India Company controlled much of India for 100-years British forced their culture on India Prior to 1850, Chinese & Japanese rulers allowed only limited trade with the West. European powers turned attention on India

What happened to India when the British arrived? Positives?Negatives? Is India better off now because the British colonized it?

INDIA cont. Sepoy Rebellion (1857) Indians felt that British were trying to change their culture; distrust of British Economic problems & sense of nationalism increased resentment Sepoy soldiers mutinied & refused to accept new rifle British response  Jail opponents Sepoys united & led a rebellion; tried to run British out of India British East India Company & British company united to regain control Sepoy  Indian soldier in the British Army

INDIA cont. Sepoy Rebellion (1857) Religious differences & weak leadership doomed India OUTCOME  1.British fully controlled India 2.Indian nationalist movements begin 3.British East India Company removed from power It is this consciousness of the inherent superiority of the European which has won for us India. However well educated and clever a native may be, and however brave he may prove himself, I believe that no rank we can bestow on him would cause him to be considered an equal of the British officer.

British Imperialism in India MAIN IDEA – The Sepoy Mutiny resulted in the British gaining full control of India. Resulted in Direct rule of India by the British – Viceroys (governor who ruled on behalf of the monarch)

Indian Nationalism Indian National Congress: wanted a share in the governing process Mohandas Gandhi: civil disobedience to aid the poor and gain independence for India –i.e. Great Salt March

Age of Colonialism