1. The extension of a nation’s power over other lands.
NEW IMPERIALISM
The extension of a nation’s power over other lands.

2. MOTIVES: ECONOMIC National rivalries Racism Social Darwinism Religious
Humanitarian

3. Colonial Takeover of Southeast Asia
Countries:
Great Britain
France
United States
Netherlands (Dutch)
Germany
Portugal

4. GREAT BRITAIN Founded new colony: Singapore Burma:
Stopping point for sea travel – to and from China
Burma:
protect possessions in India
find land route to china
The Port of Singapore, one of the world's five busiest, with the skyline of Singapore in the background.

5. FRANCE Alarmed at British trade in SE Asia
French gov’t forced Vietnamese to accept French protection
Vietnamese empire became a French protectorate
(a political unit that depends on another gov’t for protection)

6. FRANCE (cont.) French Indochina: Thailand (Siam)– the Exception
Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos, Annam, Tonkin
Thailand (Siam)– the Exception
Maintained independence
Promoted western learning
Maintained friendly relations w/ European powers
Acted as a buffer state between GB & France

7. UNITED STATES
Pres. McKinley – “moral obligation to civilize other parts of the world”
Turn the Philippines into a colony
Strategic trading post w/ China
Resistance:
Aguinaldo leads guerilla forces against U.S.
U.S. defeats guerilla forces

8. COLONIAL REGIMES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
GOALS:
Exploit natural resources & open up markets for their manufactured goods
TYPES OF RULE:
Indirect: local authority remained in place
Direct: local authority belonged to the European power

9. INDIRECT RULE Advantages: Disadvantages: Lowered costs of gov’t
Maintained local culture/customs
Ex. – Dutch East India Company
Disadvantages:
Locals resistance
Ex. – Burma: GB abolished monarchy

10. DIRECT RULE
Vietnam:
France imposed direct rule in Southern provinces of Mekong Delta
northern parts governed as protectorate

11. COLONIAL ECONOMIES Europeans stressed export of raw materials
Plantation agriculture
Subsistence farming to cash crops
Led to famine
Plantation wage laborers –
wages low
unhealthy
heavy tax burden: pay for salaries of gov’t officials & other administrative costs

12. COLONIAL ECONOMIES (cont.)
Advantages:
New modern economic system
Export market led to new entrepreneurial social class
Many shared in the profits of colonial enterprise
Most profits return to mother country

13. COLONIAL RESISTANCE
Resistance from existing ruling class and from peasant class
New form:
Created from nationalism
Western intellectuals led resistance