1. The Age of Imperialism

3. Imperialism: when a stronger nation takes over a “weaker” nation
England created the largest Empire in the history of the world as a result of their industrialization.

4. Causes of Imperialism Nationalism (Glory for country)
Social Darwinism (the “strong” should control the “weak”)
-> European belief in racial superiority
Religious: desire to “civilize” & Christianize non-Europeans
Economic: (greed)Need for natural resources to use in factories, expand markets, and outlet needed for growing population

5. Imperialism in Africa
The “Scramble for Africa”

6. Africa
Technology (Maxim gun, steamships, railroads) helped Europeans take land in Africa
The Berlin Conference:
14 nations almost went to war over African territory
met in 1884 to reach a peaceful solution by dividing the territories of Africa amongst them
Africans were given no voice at this conference as land was divided up without their permission

7. The Berlin Conference

8. Negative Effects of Imperialism on Africa
Division of African cultures: Enemy tribes were united while kinship groups and family members were split because of the artificial boundaries instated by the Berlin conference.
Regional tensions and conflicts increased between tribes.
New diseases wiped out some African populations that lacked immunity
Demand of cash crops caused food shortages and famine for many Africans
Africans forced to work for Europeans in their own land
Many Africans lose their land as Europeans “settle” in Africa

9. Negative Effects Continued
Much of the African continent was looted of its natural resources by Europeans who needed these materials for industrialization.
Most of Africa remains poor “third world” as a result

10. Positive Effects of Imperialism on Africa
improved sanitation and education
improved infrastructure and industrialization (roads and railroads were built)
hospitals, schools and factories were built creating more jobs and increasing African life expectancy
European farming techinques and technology brought to Africa increasing food production

11. Imperialism in Africa

12. Cecil Rhodes and the Rudd Concession
Africans were often tricked into giving up parts of their lands to European powers

13. 1. How does the image on the left represent Imperialism in Africa?
2. How are these images related?

15. African Resistance
Led by Shaka the Zulu nation fought British rule and army
Zulu army almost defeated British but eventually lost kingdom
East Africa fought Germany but lost. 75,000 died.
Ethiopia successfully rebelled against Italy and defeated them
Menelik became African emperor of Ethiopia

16. The Boer War
Boers (Afrikaaners)- descendants from early Dutch settlers in Southern Africa
Britain fought against Boers (Dutch) for control of Southern Africa and diamond trade
Britain won, gained control of Union of South Africa
British controlled world diamond trade

17. Europeans claim Muslim Lands
The Ottoman Empire lost power and begins to decline after the death of Suleiman I
European Powers took control of Ottoman (Muslim) lands and the Mediterranean sea
England gains control of:
India - natural resources (cotton,spices,ivory)
Built the Suez Canal in Egypt for faster international trade
Britain took over Persia (Iran) for oil

19. The Suez Canal

20. British Imperialism in India
British Expand Control over India
East India Company:
rules India until 1850s
uses an army including Indian soldiers known as “sepoys”
-India was seen as the most important colony and called the “Jewel in the Crown” due to its production of raw materials and large consumer market

21. Map of Natural Resources in India
The British used these resources such as coal and iron to manufacture goods in Britian and sell the finished goods to the Indian people!

23. Positive Effects of British Rule in India
the British modernized India
Railroads move cash crops and goods faster
improved sanitation
set-up centralized government
irrigation works increased agriculture
improved education and literacy
decreased local warfare

24. Negative Effects of British Rule in India
British control political and economic power
cash crops such as growing cotton for the British resulted in loss of self-sufficiency and caused famine-grew cotton instead of food
Indian culture is disrupted due to racism and Christian missionaries
broke up traditional (domestic) industries and unemployment increased
Not allowed important government jobs as Britsh controlled government

25. -Many sepoys were jailed, others rebelled
The Sepoy Rebellion
1857- Indians rebel: Sepoys refuse to use cartridges due to religious reasons:
had to bite them open (greased with pork fat & considered unclean by Muslims and Hindu’s)
-Many sepoys were jailed, others rebelled
-British put down the rebellion using violence
-Results:
-Britain takes direct control over India from the East India Company- “turning point” in Indian history
-Increased distrust between Indians and British

27. The Sepoy Mutiny

29. “Turning Point” in Indian/British Imperialism
1858 British government took direct control over India from the British East India Company because of the Sepoy Mutiny
Raj - (time period when India was under Britain’s control) lasted until 1947
India divided into 11 provinces & 250 districts
fueled more British racism towards Indians
British take “tighter control” over India

30. Inequality in India Indians:
paid much less than British for same positions
resented being 2nd class citizens in their own country
could not hold top jobs in government
British:
-Occupied most important
jobs in India and most of the
wealth.

31. Nationalism in India India adopts modernization movements
many Indians adopt western ways
formation of the Indian National Congress (1885)
called for independence from Britain
Religious issues remain:
-Formation of the Muslim league (1906)
-many Muslims did not trust Hindus within India
-Muslim League & Indian National Congress worked towards Indian Independence from Britain

32. The Indian National Congress

33. Mohandas (Mahatma) Gandhi (1869-1948)
took leadership of INC in 1921
preached and practiced Civil Disobedience (Deliberate and public refusal to obey any unjust law)
supported rebellion without violence
Believed Indians should boycott British goods and make their own goods at home
Led “salt march” to the sea to protest the forced buying of British goods including salt
Leader of the Indian independence movement