1. Colonial Rule in Southeast Asia

2. New Imperialism
Imperialism = extension of a nation’s power over other lands
Imperialism/colonialism was not new
Colonies in the Americans by the 1500s
Few trading posts, some missionary activity
New Imperialism = direct control over vast territories, mainly Africa

3. New Imperialism (continued)
European countries viewed Asia and Africa as a source for:
Industrial raw materials (oil, tin, rubber)
Market for Western (European) manufactured goods

4. Motives for Imperialism
Economic
Political
Religious
“White man’s burden”
Exploratory
Ideological
SD = survival of the fittest
Racism = certain races are superior, justifying their use of force against other races/nations

5. Great Britain Controlled Singapore Burma (modern Myanmar)
Major stopping point for traffic to/from China
Burma (modern Myanmar)
British wanted control of possessions in India

7. France British control over Burma made French nervous in Vietnam
Didn’t want British to control Vietnam as well
French missionaries already persecuted in Vietnam
Confucian beliefs in Vietnam vs. Christianity

8. France (continued) France eventually took total control of Vietnam
Vietnam – protectorate of France
France eventually controlled Cambodia, Annam, Tonkin, and Laos
French Indochina

10. Resistance in Burma Burma monarch himself fought against British
Buddhist monk Saya San
Led peasant uprising

11. Thailand – The Exception
Only free state in Southeast Asia
King promoted Western learning and maintained friendly relations with major European powers

12. The United States
“Mr. President, the times call for candor. The Philippines are ours forever. And just beyond the Philippines are China’s unlimited markets. We will not retreat from either. We will not abandon an opportunity in [Asia]. We will not renounce our part in the mission of our race, trustee, under God, of the civilization of the world.” – Senator Beveridge
Defeated the Spanish in Spanish-American War in 1898
US President McKinley – moral obligation to “civilize” Philippines
Philippines provided easy access to China

13. Political Cartoon of President McKinley and “savage” child
Returning the Philippines to Spain is compared to throwing the child off a cliff.

14. Resistance in the Philippines
Emilio Aguinaldo
Leader of independence movement
Began his revolt against Spanish first and continued against the U.S.
Defeated by the U.S.

15. Indirect Rule and Direct Rule
Draw the following table in your notes:
Indirect Rule
Direct Rule
Definition
Imperial country’s relationship with colonized country’s government?
Example
Advantage or Disadvantage?

16. Indirect Rule Definition
Local rulers allowed to maintain authority and status
Colonizing countries cooperated with existing rulers

17. Indirect Rule Relationship with government?
Good relationship because local rulers allowed to keep their power

18. Indirect Rule Example Dutch East Indies
DEI Company allowed local control of government
Paid local leaders to keep control

19. Indirect Rule Advantage/Disadvantage? Advantage
Easier access to region’s resources
Lower costs of government
Maintained local culture, less conflict

20. Direct Rule Definition Local elites/rulers were removed
Replaced with officials from colonizing countries

21. Direct Rule Relationship with ruler?
Bad relationship because local leaders always resisted colonial power

22. Direct Rule Example Burma Monarchy opposed colonial rule
British forced colonial government from India on the Burmese

23. Direct Rule Advantage/Disadvantage? Disadvantage
Local people unhappy and usually resisted colonial power

24. Colonial Economies
Colonial European powers did not let colonists develop own industries
Wanted to make larger profits
Kept workers at poverty level

25. Nationalism Western Powers Colonized Countries Social Darwinism
Superiority  colonizing of others
Colonized Countries
Led to resistance movements
Resented colonial powers