1. The English Civil War The Triumph of Parliament: English Constitutionalism

4. Parliament  House of Lords  nobility and bishops generally support king  House of Commons  merchants, lawyers…growing number of Puritans

5. Tudor relationship with Parliament  When he broke with the Roman Catholic Church or when he needed funds, Henry VIII consulted Parliament.  Elizabeth both consulted and controlled Parliament.

7. James I  James I insisted he was king by divine right  King ruled by the will of God and was responsible only to God  Religious Beliefs  Anglican  Alienates Puritans who comprised a large number of those in House of Commons  More devote Protestant than Elizabeth  Guy Fawkes..catholic extremist  Nov 5, 1605…plot to blow up parliament …intensified anti-catholic feelings

8. James I  Economic Issues  Inherited large debt  Raised money without Parliament’s consent

9. Charles I

10. Petition of Rights 1628  No imprisonment with a charge.  Trial by a jury of one’s peers.  No taxation without Parliament’s consent.  No quartering of soldiers in private homes.

11. Ship Money Assessments  This aggravates Parliament

12. Charles I  Religious  Wife Henrietta Maria, sister of Louis XIII Catholic  Supports William Laud to enforce Anglicanism  Increasingly elaborate ceremonies  Puritans view this as ‘popery’  Harsh punishments for Puritan dissenters  1637 Laud pushes Anglican Book of Common Prayer in Scotland  Presbyterian  1640, Scots invade Northern England  Charles needs £ to fight, calls Parliament

13. Charles I  Short Parliament (1640)  Dissolved in three weeks  Long Parliament (1640-1660)  Parliament must be called in session at least once every 3 yrs.  Parliament can’t be adjourned without its own consent  Charles enters the House of Commons to end the session and arrest those trying to curb his power  Charles heads forms

14. Civil War (1642-1649) Royalists (Cavaliers) Parliamentarians (Roundheads)  House of Lords  N & W England  Aristocracy, Large landowners, Church officials  House of Commons  S & E England  Puritans, Merchants, Townspeople

16. Oliver Cromwell  Leader of Parliamentarians

17. Battle of Naseby 1648  Charles I is defeated and handed over to Parliament.

18.  Division of Parliamentarians  Split between moderate and radicals  Purge Moderates  ‘Rump’ Parliament results  Execution of a King  Guilty of ‘an unlimited and tyrannical power’

19. Execution of Charles I (1649)

20. The Commonwealth  After execution, Rump Parliament abolishes the House of Lords, the monarchy, and the official Church of England.  It declared England a republic, known as the Commonwealth, under the leadership of Oliver Cromwell.  Did not tolerate dissent  Strict Puritan  Not tolerance for Catholics and Anglicans

21. The Protectorate  Conflict mounts as radicals push for further reform  Cromwell dissolves Rump Parliament and makes himself Lord Protector  Cromwell dies in 1658; son succeeds but is not as competent

22. The Restoration  Restoration 1660 Charles II  Nothing really solved, like distribution of power between king and parliament and conflicts over religion