1. The Tudors and Parliament
Henry and Elizabeth
Two prominent members of Tudor dynasty:
Henry VIII (3rd Edward, 1st Mary I)
2nd daughter Elizabeth I
ruled when absolutism common

2. Henry and Parliament
Henry VIII created Protestant Church in England to divorce first wife
Had Parliament pass laws ending power of pope in England
In 1534 Act of Supremacy named king as head of Church of England

3. Tension Parliament pressured Elizabeth to marry to have heir to throne
Elizabeth refused - marriage would limit her freedom
Still managed to talk Parliament into approving funds she needed

4. Stuarts Relative of Scotland Tudors James I – divine right of kings
Outsider
Heavy spending and wars caused debt
Repeatedly asked Parliament for $ and they refused

5. Puritans (purify the church)
Strict Calvinists
Demanded that the Church of England be reformed
Take power away form church officials
James saw this stance as a threat to his power – church leadership supported him
James refused to pass most of the Puritans’ requests
Did pass new version of the Bible – King James Bible

6. Charles I (Stuart) Son of James Forced to sign the Petition of Right
Placed limits on the king’s power
Could not levy taxes without Parliament’s approval
Could not imprison anyone w/out legal justification
Force citizens to house soldiers
Declare martial law (warlike laws) in peacetime
Direct challenge to absolute monarchy
Parliament refused to give $
Charles I taxed the citizens and forced the bankers to give him $
Dismissed Parliament and ruled w/out consulting them

7. The English Civil War Parliament vs. absolute monarchy
Charles I finally reconvened Parliament to ask for more money
“Long Parliament” did not disband for several years
1. Parliament took opportunity to further limit king’s powers
Demanded Parliament be called at least every three years
Parliament also ruled king could no longer dismiss Parliament

8. Continued
2. radical Puritan group in Parliament moved to abolish appointment of bishops in Anglican Church (king’s power connected to the church)
3. Charles tried to arrest Puritan leaders for treason but leaders escaped
4. Charles revealed his plan to take back power
5. Parliament rose up against the king
6. King asked for English peoples’ support

9. Royalists (supported the king)
W/out Parliament’s funding, king relied on contributions to pay army from wealthy nobles

10. Roundheads Supporters of Parliament
included Puritans, merchants, some from upper classes
Parliament member Oliver Cromwell led Roundhead forces
Royalist army outmatched by Cromwell’s troops & king surrendered
Cromwell in full control dismissed members of Parliament who disagreed with him
called the Rump Parliament

11. Trial and Cromwell
Rump Parliament charged king with treason, put him on trial and beheaded
House of Commons abolished House of Lords, outlawed monarchy
Became commonwealth, government based on common good of all people
Cromwell given title Lord Protector
closed theaters, limited other entertainment

12. Hobbes Royalist who fled to France during Cromwell’s rule
political science, Leviathan
described humans as being naturally selfish, fearful
Hobbes argued that people needed all-powerful monarch to tell them how to live
Reflected many people were unhappy under Cromwell

13. Restoration Cromwell died & son Richard Cromwell took his place
Lacked leadership capabilities & government collapsed
Parliament reconvened, voted to bring back monarchy—event known as the Restoration
Parliament invited Charles II son of Charles I to be new king
Charles supported religious toleration for Catholics, but Parliament insisted on laws to strengthen the Church of England

14. Continued Charles died, brother James crowned king (Catholic)
James not popular; believed in right to rule as absolute monarch
James married to a Catholic princess had a Catholic son – outranked Protestant daughters from previous marriage
group of nobles invited James’s daughter Mary, husband William to become king, queen (both Protestants)
transfer became known as the Glorious Revolution

15. Changes in Government English Bill of Rights
Document prevented monarch from levying taxes without consent of Parliament, among other provisions
Constitutional Monarchy, term for monarchy limited by law