1. Italy in the Era of Gothic Florescence

2. Fragmentation varied and almost autonomous regional styles anti-French sentiment (started in the late 13 th cen.) Decline in the universal church Laicization secular outlook of prelates growth of towns grew Indebtedness to lesser building types Late phases of art in general new solutions turned into established formulas developed further by refining and elaborating LATE GOTHIC Milan Cathedral, choir 1386 Milan, Italy

3. Italy in post-Carolingian invasions of EuropeItaly in ca. 1000

4. The Romanesque churches of Rome ➞ so faithful to Early Christian models immaculately historicist – Romanesque in terms of date only Early Christian St. Peter’s Romanesque S. Giorgio in Velabro Rome, 12 th century Italy in Trachtenberg’s thesis historical consciousness paradigmI. Italy’s Diverse Romanesque experiments

5. Early Christian basilicaEarly Christian Santa Sabina, Rome Strong legacy of the early Christian basilica I. Italy’s Diverse Romanesque experimentsItaly in Trachtenberg’s thesis historical consciousness paradigm

6. Italy in relation to Europe at the height of the Romanesque period I. Italy’s Diverse Romanesque experiments

7. Norman Romanesque in Italy: Trani Cathedral, Trani (Apulia), Italy, 1089-1200s Italian Romanesque in Rome: S. Giorgio in Velabro, 12 th century Reception of northern European Romanesque: NormansI. Italy’s Diverse Romanesque experiments

8. Norman Romanesque Trani CathedralItalian Romanesque in Tuscany: Pisa Cathedral Reception of northern European Romanesque: NormansI. Italy’s Diverse Romanesque experiments

9. Speyer, Germany Rome, Italy Lombardy, Italy Holy Roman Empire-Northern Italy (Lombardy)-Rome – Rome-Northern Italy (Lombardy)-Holy Roman Empire Romanesque in Northern Italy Rhine Valley Germany Northern Italy Reception of northern European Romanesque: GermanyI. Italy’s Diverse Romanesque experiments

10. S. Ambrogio in Milan with quadripartite rib vaults on double-bay system, complete by 1117 Reception of northern European Romanesque: GermanyI. Italy’s Diverse Romanesque experiments

11. Venice, Italy Périgueux, France Constantinople St.-Front, Périgueux, France, 1120St. Mark’s, Venice, Italy, b. 1063 Other historicizing influences in Italy: ConstantinopleI. Italy’s Diverse Romanesque experiments

12. Venice, Italy Constantinople St. Mark’s, Venice, Italy, b. 1063 Other historicizing influences in Italy: Constantinople The Katholicon (Byzantine monastic church) Stilo (Calabria), Italy, b. 982 Stilo, Italy I. Italy’s Diverse Romanesque experiments

13. Southern Italy as Magna Graecia (Greater Greece) I. Italy’s Diverse Romanesque experiments Normans arrive in Southern Italy in 999 establish dukedoms by 1095

14. Cappella Palatina (Palatine Chapel) Palermo (Sicily), Italy, ca. 1131-1145 Ste-Chapelle (Palatine Chapel) Paris, 1241-48 I. Italy’s Diverse Romanesque experimentsNorman kings in Sicily vs. Capetian royal house of France

15. Cappella Palatina (Palatine Chapel) Palermo (Sicily), Italy, ca. 1131-1145 Ste-Chapelle, Paris, 1241-48 I. Italy’s Diverse Romanesque experiments

16. Cappella Palatina, Palermo I. Italy’s Diverse Romanesque experiments

17. Cappella Palatina, Palermo nave I. Italy’s Diverse Romanesque experiments

18. Cappella Palatina, Palermo muqarnas ornament on nave ceiling I. Italy’s Diverse Romanesque experiments

19. Italy at the dawn of the High Gothic period II. Italy (in contrast to France) as fertile ground for the Gothic style (opus francigenum)

20. Reims Cathedral, France, 1211-90 4 points of contrast Siena Cathedral, nave and transepts 1220-60 clerestory and vault rebuilt from 1369

21. III. Italy’s lessons in Gothic from Cistercian monasteries Network of Cistercian monasteries

22. Siena Cathedral, 1220-60San Galgano, Cisterican abbey, b. 1218 III. Italy’s lessons in Gothic from Cistercian monasteriesSiena Cathedral – Italy’s only early 13 th cen. Gothic great church

23. Siena Cathedral III. Italy’s lessons in Gothic from Cistercian monasteries San Galgano, Cisterican abbey

24. Gothic Siena Cathedral III. Italy’s lessons in Gothic from Cistercian monasteries Romanesque Pisa Cathedral

25. IV. Italy’s own mendicant order Gothic Franciscan monastery in Florence, Italy: Santa Croce, 1294-1492

26. IV. Italy’s own mendicant order Gothic Santa Maria Novella, Florence

27. IV. Italy’s own mendicant order Gothic Santa Maria Novella, Florence

28. Milan Cathedral, Milan, Italy, b. 1386 V. Northern European Gothic in Italy: Milan Cathedral, b. 1386

29. Milan Cathedral V. Northern European Gothic in Italy: Milan Cathedral

30. Milan Cathedral V. Northern European Gothic in Italy: Milan Cathedral

31. Milan Cathedral V. Northern European Gothic in Italy: Milan Cathedral

32. Milan Cathedral V. Northern European Gothic in Italy: Milan Cathedral