By: Daniel Joh and William Shin

Even before WWII ended, the relationship with the Soviet Union and the United States was starting to getting worse. Even before WWII ended, the relationship with the Soviet Union and the United States was starting to getting worse. The Soviet Union,in a way, betrayed the U.S. by signing a nonaggression pact with Germany. The Soviet Union,in a way, betrayed the U.S. by signing a nonaggression pact with Germany. Stalin said that it was the Allies’ fault that the attack on Germany was delayed. Stalin said that it was the Allies’ fault that the attack on Germany was delayed. These conflicts lead to major problems between the two powerful countries. These conflicts lead to major problems between the two powerful countries. The nonaggression pact between Germany and the Soviet Union was one of the problems that caused the two countries to anger each other

February, U.S., Britain, and the Soviet Union meet at Soviet Black Sea to divide Germany into zones. February, U.S., Britain, and the Soviet Union meet at Soviet Black Sea to divide Germany into zones. Stalin promises Eastern Europeans the right to vote, but Churchill knew it was an empty promise unless they followed a policy friendly to Russia. Stalin promises Eastern Europeans the right to vote, but Churchill knew it was an empty promise unless they followed a policy friendly to Russia. In return, the Soviet Union decided to join the attack on Japan, an ally of Germany. In return, the Soviet Union decided to join the attack on Japan, an ally of Germany.

On June 1945, the United States, the Soviet Union, and 48 other countries created the United Nations (UN) On June 1945, the United States, the Soviet Union, and 48 other countries created the United Nations (UN) The United States and the Soviet Union set aside their differences during the creation of the United Nations. The United States and the Soviet Union set aside their differences during the creation of the United Nations. The UN promised to try and save future countries from war. The UN promised to try and save future countries from war. The UN created a large body called the General Assembly which was a meeting of all of the members with a voting system. The UN created a large body called the General Assembly which was a meeting of all of the members with a voting system. The Security Council had most of the power in the UN. The Security Council had most of the power in the UN. It had 11 members to settle disputes and investigate It had 11 members to settle disputes and investigate The Security council had 5 permanent members (Britain, China, France, the United States, and the Soviet Union). The Security council had 5 permanent members (Britain, China, France, the United States, and the Soviet Union). A veto from any Security council member could cancel the action to prevent overriding votes. A veto from any Security council member could cancel the action to prevent overriding votes. The UN still exists today

The United States and the Soviet Union split right after WWII The United States and the Soviet Union split right after WWII The United States suffered 400,000 deaths, but the Soviet Union suffered 50 times more than that. The United States suffered 400,000 deaths, but the Soviet Union suffered 50 times more than that. Theses caused different goals in the two countries which later leads to war. Theses caused different goals in the two countries which later leads to war. Table from the Modern World History: Patterns of Interaction textbook, page 476

The Soviet Union feared and need protection against invasions The Soviet Union feared and need protection against invasions They don’t have neutral borders so they fell every time they were invaded They don’t have neutral borders so they fell every time they were invaded Examples: Napoleon overran Moscow (1812) and Germany invaded during WWI Examples: Napoleon overran Moscow (1812) and Germany invaded during WWI

By the end of the war, the Soviets pushed the Nazi’s back and gained countries to buffer from enemies By the end of the war, the Soviets pushed the Nazi’s back and gained countries to buffer from enemies Soviets gained Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Poland, and Yugoslavia Soviets gained Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Poland, and Yugoslavia

On April 12, 1945, president Roosevelt died and Harry Truman replaced him. On April 12, 1945, president Roosevelt died and Harry Truman replaced him. Truman tried to push Stalin into letting Eastern Europeans vote, but it lead to him declaring war on the U.S. Truman tried to push Stalin into letting Eastern Europeans vote, but it lead to him declaring war on the U.S. ) Harry Truman (thirty-third President of the United States )

Europe was divided into two. (Communist and noncommunist) Europe was divided into two. (Communist and noncommunist) Germany was spit into 2 Germany was spit into 2 The division became known as “iron curtain”. The division became known as “iron curtain”.

Growing Soviet’s threat in Eastern Europe USSR (Union of Soviet Social Republics) were empire- building President Truman confirms a foreign policy called containment. Stop the growing of communism

Truman aids Turkey and Greece Support towards countries rejecting communism called the Truman Doctrine Controversy No interference other countries’ affairs Not many resources Possible that aid go to dictators Congress gave $400 million to Turkey and Greece

Terrible conditions after war 1947, U.S. Secretary of State George Marshall suggested aid to any European countries -> The Marshall Plan $ 12.5 billion (!) plan Arguments Communists spread to Czechoslovakia Succeeded in Western Europe and Yugoslavia

1948, France, Britain, and the United States withdraw Soviet Union grabs Eastern Germany more strongly by not giving them enough supplies Surrender or, Give up to unify U.S. & Britain gives support Soviet Union gives up and fly from Germany C-47s during Berlin Airlift

These were the beginning of the Cold War (a capitalism vs. communism war) Spying, propaganda, diplomacy, and secret operations Most countries allied Cummings of the Daily Express, 24 August 1953, "Back to Where it all Started"

During Berlin’s hostage, Western Europe, U.S., Canada forms NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) Soviet Union, Poland, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Albania form Warsaw Pact Later in 1950’s, the United States create another alliance SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization) to secure Korea and Indochina after warfare.

Tense atmosphere Both rivals had atomic bombs Truman decided to create a much more powerful ones 1950, U.S. Thermonuclear weapon (A-bomb) 9 months later… Soviet Union also made one Dulles (during Eisenhower president) speaks in brinkmanship Both nations for four more decades competed for stronger nuclear weapons and planes The largest thermonuclear weapon ever tested

Competition in science and education Poured billions of dollars 1957, Soviets made ICBM to launch Sputnik I 1958, U.S. launched their own satellite 1955, U-2 incident Eisenhower “open skies” U.S. CIA spied in U-2 planes Soviets shot a U-2 plane Boosted up the tension and mistrust into a new dimension Sputnik 1, the first satellite U-2 plane

References s/KISH_26_586.gif s/KISH_26_586.gif s/KISH_26_586.gif s/KISH_26_586.gif zonen_1945_1946.png zonen_1945_1946.png zonen_1945_1946.png zonen_1945_1946.png truman.jpg truman.jpg truman.jpg truman.jpg

References (cont.) Warsaw_% %29.png Warsaw_% %29.png Warsaw_% %29.png Warsaw_% %29.png e/us11/cwsoviettanks.jpg e/us11/cwsoviettanks.jpg e/us11/cwsoviettanks.jpg e/us11/cwsoviettanks.jpg e/us11/coldwarplansdoctrines.html e/us11/coldwarplansdoctrines.html e/us11/coldwarplansdoctrines.html e/us11/coldwarplansdoctrines.html ift_02.jpg ift_02.jpg ift_02.jpg ift_02.jpg

References (cont.) !Cold_War_Map_1980.png !Cold_War_Map_1980.png !Cold_War_Map_1980.png !Cold_War_Map_1980.png jpg jpg jpg jpg Exploration/sputnik.jpg Exploration/sputnik.jpg Exploration/sputnik.jpg Exploration/sputnik.jpg