Aim: Was conflict between the power of the Church and the power of kings inevitable? Do Now: What is the worst punishment your parents could give you? Homework: Read “The Far-Reaching Authority of the Church,” and answer questions 1-5. Gothic Church Romanesque Church

511 – Strategic Partnership: Church in Rome, and Clovis, Germanic tribal leader (1) Church in Rome supported Clovis’ military campaign to unite many Germanic tribes into one kingdom – the Kingdom of the Franks. (2) Frankish Rulers help the Church in Rome to convert Germans to Christianity. The Church spread the Christian way of life through Monasteries, Convents and Manuscripts. 590 – Papal Power Expands Under Gregory I (1) The Church became secular, or worldly power involved in politics. (2) Gregory I used church revenues to raise armies, repair roads, and help the poor. He also negotiated peace treaties. (3) Gregory I declared that the Church in Rome was responsible for the region from Italy to England, and from Spain to Germany. 800 – Charlemagne declared “Roman Emperor” (1)Charlemagne defended Pope Leo III against attack. (2)Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne emperor. (3)Pope had claimed the political right to confer the title “Roman Emperor” on a European King.

I.Under Charlemagne A. The Holy Roman Empire a. Emperors believed they protected the Church b. Emperors appointed Church officials – known as lay investiture. B. The Church centralized at Cluny in 910 a. Church grows – there are rules that everyone must obey – called canon law. b. As the Church grows, new leaders have to be installed – issue is who should invest the new leaders. c. Investiture by the Church is established. C. The two ways that the Church can control the Kings and Nobles. a. Excommunication – Thrown out of the Church, and releases vassals from duties to the king. b. Interdict – not allowing any church ceremonies to be performed in the kingdom. (Remember King John?)

II. Reforms introduced by Gregory VII – The Reformer – (told married priests to abandon their wives.) A. Gregory VII reforms church policy so that only the local church could appoint bishops and abbots. (Bans lay investiture – less power for the king) B. The Holy Roman Emperor (area of northern Italy) – believed the Emperor was lord and defies the order. C. Pope Gregory IV excommunicates the King – this caused revolts in northern Europe. D. Henry IV had to apologize – he went to Canossa (Italy) and was left waiting in the snow to be allowed in to see the pope. He was finally allowed in and asked for forgiveness from the pope. E. The fighting, however, continues until F. A treaty is finally reached known as the Concordat of Worm (Germany) in both sides accept the treaty 2. Church had sole power to elect and invest bishops with spiritual authority. 3. The Emperor had the right to invest them with fiefs (parcels of land)

III.Height of Papal Power A. Achieved under Pope Innocent III 1200s a. He claimed supremacy over all over rulers. “(The pope) stands between man and God.”