TISSUE INJURIES AKA WOUNDS
TISSUE TYPES Epithelial -- skin protects internal organs regulates body temp (homeostasis) Connective -- organ framework Soft-adipose & fibrous (ligaments & tendons) Hard-Bone & cartilage
TISSUE TYPES Nerve -- Communication pathway Neurons-carry commands Muscle -- Contracting fibers (actin & myosin) Skeletal-attach to bone Smooth-organs Cardiac-heart
TISSUE PROPERTIES Resistance Load-single force Stress-resistance to load Strain-Internal response/deformation Yield Point-limit (elastic property) Mechanical failure-past limit therefore damage has occurred
TISSUE STRESSES Mechanisms of Injury Tension-pulls/stretches Stretching-beyond limit Compression-crushes tissue Shearing-rubbing parallel across tissues Bending-force causing a bend
SOFT TISSUE INJURIES Open vs. Closed Abrasion Sliding or skidding on ground Superficial-less bleeding Laceration Tearing of skin-jagged edge If deep concerned with other tissue damage
SOFT TISSUE INJURIES Puncture Pointed object pierces skin Be ware of infection Incisions Clean cut usually from a knife If deep concerned with other tissue damage Avulsions Loss of tissue
SOFT TISSUE INJURIES Calluses Thickened skin due to friction Blisters Fluid build up under skin due to friction Bites & Stings Watch for systemic reaction (allergic) Snakes-DO NOT ICE. Will slow down healing
SOFT TISSUE INJURIES Contusion Bruise Severity depends on force & damage Hematoma Internal damage to tissues causing bleeding Goose egg mass appears Blood blister
SOFT TISSUE INJURIES Skin Infections Tinea Pedis (athlete’s foot)- Fungus Tinea corporis (ringworm) - Fungus Herpes- Virus Papillomavirus (warts) - Virus Impetigo- Bacteria
MUSCULAR INJURIES STRAIN Overstretching or tearing 3 degrees based on severity of tear MYOSITIS OSSIFICANS Calcium build up due to repeat trauma
MUSCULAR INJURIES TENDONITIS Micro tearing of tendon sheath Inflammation of tendon Repetitive Motion Injury
JOINT INJURIES SPRAIN Overstretching of ligaments CREPITATION Grating sound heard during movement JOINT LAXITY Ability of joint to move
JOINT INJURIES Dislocation Separation of joint. All ligaments torn completely Subluxation Partial dislocation. Synovitis Inflammation of synovial membrane Bursitis Inflammation of bursa (fluid filled sac to decrease friction)
SKELETAL INJURIES FRACTURES any “break” in the bone Greenstick-incomplete Closed-simple, complete Open-compound Comminuted-shattered fragments
WOUND CARE Wear Gloves Prevent infection Control bleeding Immobilize injury Ice Be Gentle Refer to M.D.
P.R.I.C.E Protect Rest Ice Compression Elevation