1. Anatomical Structures/ Injuries

2. Skin Bodies defense for dirt, bacteria, and germs. Epidermis- Outer most layer of skin Dermis- Thicker layer below the epidermis

3. Bones Functions 1. Protect vital organs 2. Acted on by muscles to produce movement.

4. Joints Hinge joints- elbow and knee, they move back and forth. Ball and socket joints- one end of the joint is in the shape of a ball, and the other end of the joint is a cuplike shape.

5. Cartilage Function- absorb shock, allow smooth bone movement, and join structures.

6. Muscles Function- contractions allow for acceleration and deceleration of body. Help maintain normal posture.

7. Tendons Connect muscle to bone

8. Ligaments Connect bone to bone

9. Brusa Small, fluid filled sacs, located in joints. Provide extra cushion for the structures located in the joint.

10. Injuries Soft-Tissue Bones

11. Soft-Tissue Sprain Strain Incision Abrasion Contusion Laceration Avulsion Puncture Contrecoup

12. Sprain Injuries to ligaments

13. Strain Injuries to muscles or tendons

14. Degrees of injury for sprains and strains 1 st degree (mild)- some stretching, little pain, little swelling, no loss of motion.

16. Degrees of injury for sprains and strains 2 nd degree (moderate)- more stretching, some tearing, pain, swelling, and some loss of motion.

18. Degrees of injury for sprains and strains 3 rd degree (severe)- complete tear, severe pain, good deal of swelling, loss of motion.

20. Incision An open wound made by a cutting object.

21. Laceration A jagged, irregular cut caused by a non- cutting object.

26. Abrasion Results from scrapping off a layer of skin.

29. Contusion Commonly called a bruise. Caused by a direct blow. Usually seen by swelling and discoloration.

32. Avulsion The partial tearing away of a body part.

34. Puncture Occurs when a pointed object enters a body part.

39. Stages of Soft-Tissue Healing Stage I-Acute Inflammatory

41. Stages of Soft-Tissue Healing Stage II-Repair

43. Stages of Soft-Tissue Healing Stage III-Remodeling

45. Bone Injuries Dislocations Subluxations Fractures

46. Dislocations When a force displaces the bones that make up a joint, so they no longer are aligned.

50. Subluxations A partial dislocation, or one that does not remain unaligned.

52. Fractures Avulsion Stress Spiral Longitudinal Compression Oblique Comminuted Greenstick Transverse Depressed Blowout Pathological Epiphyseal

53. Avulsion When a ligament or tendon pulls so hard that the attachment point pulls part of the bone away.

57. Stress Occurs when there is repetitive pounding / motion.

60. Spiral When a torque like force is applied to a bone, and the fracture starts at one end and works its way around the length of the bone.

62. Longitudinal A fracture that runs the length of a bone.

63. Compression Occurs when opposite forces are applied to a bone at the same time.

65. Comminuted When a bone is crushed into small pieces.

68. Greenstick Occurs to bones that are not fully developed, and they only break part way through.

71. Transverse When a fracture occurs straight across a bone.

72. Depressed Usually occurs from a direct blow to the skull.

75. Blowout When the eye is pushed so hard into the back of the eye socket.

77. Blowout fracture

79. Epiphyseal When a fracture occurs in the epiphysis (growth plate) of the bone.

80. http://www.learningradiology.com/caseofweek/caseoftheweekpix2007-1/cow241arr.jpg

82. Compound fracture Any fracture where the bone protrudes through the skin.

83. Compound fracture

85. Signs and Symptoms Pain Deformity Decrease or loss of motion Swelling Crepitis

86. Fracture Healing Process Stage I-Acute Stage II-Repair Stage III-Remodeling