1. Injury Pathology

2. Injury Causes Compression: Impact Tension: Stretching
Contusion, Fractures
Tension: Stretching
Strains, Sprains, Tears
Shearing: Friction
Blisters, scrapes

3. Other Injury Causes Bending: Bending Torsion: Twisting Fractures
Fractures, Sprains, Strains

4. Injury Classification
Acute:
Sudden onset
Result from a specific mechanism
Examples: Broken bone, bruise, cut, etc
Chronic:
Develop overtime
Specific onset often unknown
Caused by repeated trauma
Overuse injuries
Examples: Shin splints, tendonitis, etc

5. Acute Injuries: Skin Contusion: bruise resulting from a direct blow
Abrasions: caused by friction or scraping
Punctures: narrow stab wound
Cuts:
Laceration: irregular tear
Incision: clean cut with sharp object
Avulsion: complete tissue tears

6. Acute Injuries: Soft Tissue
Sprains: ligament injury caused by high tensile force
Strains: tendon or muscle injury caused by high tensile force
Muscle Cramps: painful involuntary muscle contractions

7. Sprain – Grading Scale

8. Strain – Grading Scale First degree (mild): Second degree (moderate):
Partial tearing, stretching of muscle/tendon with minimal pain, full strength, no deformity
Second degree (moderate):
Partial tearing of tissue, detectable weakness, moderate pain, strength weaknesses

9. Muscle Strain – 3rd Degree
Severe Injury:
Complete rupture of tissue, loss of ROM, severe pain, detectable deformity, little to no strength

10. Acute Injuries: Other
Cartilage Tear: Shear/twisting force, can also be from compression
Meniscus, labrum
Dislocation/Subluxation: (Shoulder, Patella)
Disloc: complete separation
Sublux: partial
Fractures:
Closed: Avulsion, Epiphyseal, Stress
Open

11. Fractures

12. Open or Compound Fractures

13. Avulsion Fractures

14. Epiphyseal Fracture

15. Stress Fracture

16. Chronic Injuries
Muscle Strain
Tendonitis
Stress Fracture
Bursitis

17. Unit Summary
What is the difference between a subluxation and a dislocation?
Describe the difference between a grade 1 and grade 3 sprain.
Describe the difference between a grade 2 and grade 3 strain.
Describe 3 types of fractures.
What is a stress fracture?
What is an avulsion fracture?
Name 3 types of mechanical forces that cause injuries.
What are the 2 main types of injuries?