2. Common Athletic Injuries Contusions, Strains & Sprains

3. 10/9/20152 Today’s Topics Introduction to soft tissue injuries Introduction to soft tissue injuries Anatomical properties of soft tissues Anatomical properties of soft tissues Mechanism of bruises Mechanism of bruises & contusions & contusions Muscle strains Muscle strains Ligament sprains Ligament sprains

4. 10/9/20153 Introduction to Soft Tissue Injuries Soft tissues in the body Soft tissues in the body Injuries common in athletics Injuries common in athletics Evaluate ASAP Evaluate ASAP Open vs. closed soft tissue injuries Open vs. closed soft tissue injuries

5. 10/9/20154 Anatomical Properties of Soft Tissue Collagenous tissues Collagenous tissues Collagen: protein strong in resisting tension Collagen: protein strong in resisting tension 1. Configuration 2. Effect on fibers 3. Strength & flexibility to tissues 4. Relatively inelastic Elastin: protein which supplies elasticity to connective tissue Elastin: protein which supplies elasticity to connective tissue

6. 10/9/20155 Anatomical Properties of Soft Tissue Skin: composed of 2 major layers Skin: composed of 2 major layers 1. Epidermis 2. Dermis

7. 10/9/20156 Anatomical Properties of Soft Tissue Tendons & ligaments composition Tendons & ligaments composition 1. Tendons: fiber arrangement & functional application 2. Ligaments: fiber arrangement & functional application

8. 10/9/20157 Aponeuroses 1. Structure 2. Definition/function

9. 10/9/20158 Anatomical Properties of Soft Tissue Muscle Muscle 1. Organization/structure

10. 10/9/20159 Anatomical Properties of Soft Tissue Muscle Muscle 2. Characteristic properties a. extensibility b. elasticity c. irritability d. contractility- concentric & eccentric e. viscoelastic

11. 10/9/201510 Tissue Stress Tension Tension Compression Compression Shear Shear Bending Bending Torsion Torsion

12. 10/9/201511 Skin Injury Classifications Abrasions: caused by SHEAR when skin scraped by sufficient force Abrasions: caused by SHEAR when skin scraped by sufficient force

13. 10/9/201512 Skin Injury Classifications Blisters: repeated application of SHEAR Blisters: repeated application of SHEAR

14. 10/9/201513 Skin Injury Classifications - Contusions Caused by which type of force? Caused by which type of force? Mechanism: blunt object strikes body & crushes tissue beneath the skin Mechanism: blunt object strikes body & crushes tissue beneath the skin 1. Blood vessels tear 2. Blood & plasma leak into wound area 3. Results in localized pain 4. Forms hematoma Most common location:

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16. 10/9/201515 Incision Incision Laceration Laceration Avulsion Avulsion Puncture Puncture Broken Skin Injury Classifications

17. 10/9/201516 Strains Definition Definition Tissues involved Tissues involved Mechanisms Mechanisms 1. Overstretch 2. Dynamic overload 3. Fatigue?

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19. 10/9/201518 Strains Degrees of severity Degrees of severity 1. 1st degree (mild): stretching of some fibers 2. 2nd degree (moderate): stretching & tearing of some fibers 3. 3rd degree (severe): complete tear or rupture Most common locations Most common locations

20. 10/9/201519 Sprains Definitions Definitions Tissues involved Tissues involved Mechanism Mechanism 1. Joint is forced beyond normal anatomical limits 2. Involves external force

21. 10/9/201520 Sprains

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23. 10/9/201522 Sprains Degrees of severity Degrees of severity 1. 1st degree (mild): stretching only - no loss of continuity 2. 2nd degree (moderate): partial tear 3. 3rd degree (severe): complete rupture of ligament

24. 10/9/201523 Summary Knowledge of tissue properties & forces Knowledge of tissue properties & forces Recognize mechanism of injury (MOI) Recognize mechanism of injury (MOI) Familiarize with normal joint movements & limits Familiarize with normal joint movements & limits Recognize possible tissue involved by knowledge of anatomy Recognize possible tissue involved by knowledge of anatomy