The Industrial Revolution Changes the World

Changes to Life: Rise of Cities Make more money in factories Industrial Cities – Factors of production: capital, land, labor, and entrepreneurship – Urbanization – city building because of a rapid increase of people moving to cities – Major English cities: London Leeds Manchester Birmingham Sheffield

Changes to Life: Living Conditions Cities grew rapidly but – No sanitation codes – No building codes – No development plans Conditions: – Garbage piled on street – Whole families lived in one bedroom shelters – Sickness wide spread

Changes to Life: Working Conditions Machines would run as long as possible – Unskilled worker – did only one job without needing much skill Factories were dangerous – Seldom well-lit or clean – NO gov’t programs to protect workers

Changes to Life: Working Conditions Coal mines were worse – Frequent cave-ins, machine accidents – Black lung – constantly breathing in coal dust Women and children - cheapest source of labor

Class Tensions Grow Middle Class – Factory owners, businessmen, and merchants who controlled most of the new money – Separation of Middle Class Upper middle class – lawyers, managers of factories and mines Lower middle class – factory overseers, skilled workers

Class Tensions Grow The Working Class – Laborers – Saw little improvement in quality of life – Luddites – Directed anger at the machines they thought put them out of work Ned Ludd – mythical creator of the Luddites – Mobs who protest working conditions

Positive Effects of the Industrial Revolution Created jobs for workers Greater national wealth Technological progress Increased production of goods Raised the standard of living (EVENTUALLY!)

The Mills of Manchester