1. Chapter 7 Section 3 Hardships of Early Industrial Life

2. Lesson Objectives
Compare and contrast the industrial working class and the new middle class
Understand how the factory system and mines changed the way people worked.
Analyze the benefits and challenges of industrialization. 

3. Life in the new industrial city
Industrial Rev. brought rapid urbanization (movement of people to cities)
Movement of farmers to the city
Soaring population growth
Increasing demands for workers in factories
Small towns grew around iron & coal mines

4. Manchester, England Manchester, England 17,000 people in 1750

5. Tenements
Tenements (multistory buildings divided into crowded apartments)
No running water
No sewage or sanitation systems
Waste & garbage
Diseases like cholera spread like crazy
Wealthy & middle class lived in pleasant neighborhoods

6. Factory System Factory system changed the way people lived
The factory was the heart of the industrial city
Rigid discipline, unvaried, monotonous work
Strict schedule of long hours, hours a day
Exhausted workers suffered accidents - loss of limbs, even lives
Coal miners - lungs destroyed
Textile workers – breathed in lint
Workers got sick or injured, often lost jobs

7. Women Workers Women workers Preferred by employers
Adapted more easily to machines
More easily managed
Able to pay less for same work
Away from home 12+ hours
Return to tenements – feed, clean for & clothe families

8. Child Labor
Parents let their children work because families needed the money
Textile mills
Small fingers changed spools
Crawl under machines to fix parts
Children worked in coal mines
Pushed carts
Climbed into narrow spaces to chip minerals off mine walls
Parliament slowly passed laws to regulate child labor

9. Working Class Developed sense of community Forbidden to:
Organize groups
Bargain for better pay or working conditions
Strike
Protestors were repressed or crushed

10. Luddites Protests led by the mythical Ned Ludd
Resisted “labor-saving” machines, were costing their jobs
Smashed machines, burnt factories

11. Methodism
Spread of Methodism – religious movement founded by John Wesley
Promised forgiveness of sin, better life to come & gave workers some comfort
Studied the Bible, learned to read & write
Turned workers away from revolution & toward reform

12. New Middle Class Benefited the most from Industrial Revolution
Were entrepreneurs (business owners) who began Industrial Revolution
Felt poor factory workers were responsible for their own poverty & misery
Came from several sources
Rose from rags to riches
Merchants – invested growing profits in factories
Inventors – created new technologies

13. Middle Class Women
“Ladylike” activities – drawing, embroidery, playing piano
Did not work outside the home or do their own housework

14. Reformers Reformers pressed for laws to improve working conditions
Labor unions (worker’s organizations) won right to bargain with employers for better wages, hours, & working conditions
Working class men gained right to vote & political power
Material benefits
Demand for mass-produced goods > new factories > more jobs
Wages rose > extra $$ for reading material & entertainment
Cost of rail travel fell > people able to travel