1. Chapter 9-2
Industrialization: Case Study of Manchester

2. Goals and Objectives Upon completion students should be able to:
Describe the social and economic effects of industrialization
Evaluate the growing tensions between middle and working classes.
Identify positive effects of the Industrial Revolution.
Describe Manchester as an industrial city.

3. Industrialization Changes Life Factory Work
-Factories pay more than farms.
-This led to the demand for more expensive goods

4. Industrial Cities Rise
Urbanization-The rise of population and movement of people leading to the growth of cities
Growing population provided workforce and market for factory goods.

5. British Industrial cities:
The most industrialized cities were London, Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpool

7. Living Conditions
Sickness widespread; epidemics, like cholera, sweep urban slums
Life span in one large city is only 17 years
Wealthy Merchants, factory owners live in
luxurious suburban homes

8. Conditions in urban cities
Rapidly growing cities lacked sanitary conditions or building codes
Cities also lacked adequate housing, education, police and fire protection.

9. Working Conditions
Average working day 14 hours for 6 days a week, year round
Dirty, poorly lit factories injure workers
Many coal miners killed by coal dust
Women and children were often exploited in work places.

10. The Middle Class Middle class has comfortable standard of living
Middle Class-skilled workers, merchants, rich farmers, professionals
Emerging middle class is looked down upon by landowners, aristocrats
Middle class has comfortable standard of living

11. The Working Class Laborers’ lives not improved;
some laborers replaced by machines
Luddites, other groups destroyed machinery that puts them out of work
Unemployment a serious problem; unemployed riot

12. Positives of the industrial revolution
Created jobs, enriches nation, encourages technological progress
Education expands, clothing cheaper, diet and housing improve
Workers eventually won shorter hours, better wages and conditions

13. Long-Term Effects
Improved living and working conditions still present today
Governments use increased tax revenues for urban improvements
The rise of labor unions

14. The Mills of Manchester
Manchester has labor, water power, nearby port at Liverpool
Poor live and work unhealthy, even dangerous, environment
Business owners make profits by risking their own money on factories
Eventually, working class sees its standard of living rise some

15. Children in Manchester Factories
Children as young as 6 work in factories;many are injured
1819 Factory Act restricts working age, hours

16. Pollution Factory pollution fouls air, poisons river
Nonetheless, Manchester produces goods and creates wealth