The Delian League and Philosophers of Greece

Results of the Persian Wars Themistocles was praised as a war hero for Athens and credited with saving Greece Delian League was formed to protect Greece from a future invasion Almost all the Greek city states joined except Sparta Each state paid money to support a large, Athenian run, military Athens had complete control over the league and soon was viewed as a tyrant among Greeks

Period of Pericles Pericles became the next ruler of Athens Made Athens great in terms of wealth and intelligence Took money from the Delian League to pay for changes in Athens Forced remaining independent Greeks into the Delian League and expanded their empire Maintained a democracy in Athens (hypocritical)

Peloponnesian War 431 BC war broke out between Athens and Sparta Sparta burns most of Athens but can’t break past the main gates. Lay siege for 27 years! Athens kept having food sent in by boat until plague broke out and killed Pericles Sparta wins with the help of the.... Persians (weird) For almost 100 years different Greeks fail at unifying Greece again

Life at home in Athens In elementary school boys learned poetry, music, grammar, gymnastics, reading, and writing Sophists: Wise men opened higher education to men so they could study government, math, ethics, and rhetoric Ethics: Taught the difference between good and bad Rhetoric: Taught public speaking and debate

Philosophy The study of basic questions of reality and human existence. Believed that nature is based on natural laws or truths. Truths could be discovered through reason Take 5 minutes and write down what your philosophy on school is. Should you have to come? Should you have to take all subjects? Etc..

Socrates One of the most important thinkers of Athens Socratic Method Criticized democracy saying unskilled laborers should not be allowed to vote or make important decisions. Falsely accused of denying the power of the Greek Gods so was put on trial and put to death.

Plato Recorded the works of Socrates. Wealthy student of Socrates Founded the Academy Theory of Forms Imperfections in physical objects Plato’s Republic Aristocracy What are some strengths and weaknesses of this type of government?

Aristotle Founded his own school after the model of his teacher Plato Felt that everything should be studied logically. Collected, classified and described anything from plants to animals. He was the tutor of Alexander the Great of Macedon

Herodotus “First Historian” that wrote a collections of stories called the Histories. Cited his sources: Said whether he heard or saw something Gave us the history of many of the Greek Battles we have studied in class Many of his stories have been exaggerated

Philip the Great Philip was a tribal leader from Macedon When he was young he was taken hostage by some Greeks and learned about their military strengths Developed the Phalanx (modified from Greeks) which put soldiers in a rectangle with long spears (sarissas) to defend against cavalry attacks Took over Greece little by little

Philip’s Fall Philip decided to turn his attention to Sparta and threatened. Impressed by their reply he left them alone Philip wanted to unite all of Greece but had one major opponent.... Demosthenes They fought it out at the battle of Chaeronea and Philip destroyed Athens... Again Philip decided to start an invasion of Persia until he was killed by..... His wife.... His 4 th wife Olympia... maybe

Alexander the Great Olympia’s oldest son Alexander the Great took the throne after his fathers death As a boy he tamed a wild horse which became his own mount named Bucephalus From the age of 18 he took control of the armies of his dad and NEVER LOST A BATTLE... Like ever... Like seriously Crushed Tyre Two vids (Gaugamela and life)

Spread of Hellenistic Culture With the conquest of Alexander the Great Greek culture spread across the known world. More trade meant more opportunity for wealth for many poor in Greece New flow of ideas and technologies Universities and Libraries formed in Alexandria Greater acceptance of other cultures Increased rights for women and minorities Greater communication with common language

New Philosophy Cynicism: Diogenes believed people should live more simple lives and not focus on social standing, material wealth, lived naturally Skepticism: Pyrrho claimed that life is ever changing so there is no end to knowledge. All things should be questioned and be backed up with evidence

Philosophy cont. Stoicism: Zeno claimed that divine reason directs the world and that you can only find happiness by following your “spark” or destiny Epicureanism: Epicurus claimed that the objective to life was to seek pleasure and avoid pain. The only way to do this is to limit pleasure

New Science Euclid: Was one of the founders of modern geometry and its proofs Archimedes: Calculated the value of pi, circumference of circle to diameter, created the pulley system with levers, Archimedes Screw to get water Helped Erastosthenes calculate the distance around the earth Medicine: Herophilus discovered how the brain worked and took info from Egypt on embalming