1. And Hellenistic Greece
Alexander the Great
And Hellenistic Greece

2. After the Peloponnesian War
There was no city-state strong enough to rule over all of Greece
Invaders were constantly entering Greece and causing more disruption
Nobody from within Greece could gain enough power to rule over the entire empire

3. Phillip II of Macedon
King of Macedon ( a region north of Greece), considered a backwards society by the Greeks
Phillip reorganized the Macedonian army and made it really powerful
He then attacked and conquered Greece and united the Greek city-states (except Sparta)
Started a quest to expand his empire and crush his enemies
Assassinated

4. Alexander the Great

5. Alexander’s Rise to Power
Became king after his father’s death, was only 20
Highly educated and well-trained in the military, had been groomed to take over as king
As soon as he took power people started to revolt around Greece
He treated rebels harshly – when Thebes rebelled, Alexander Destroyed their army, sold the people into slavery, and burned the city to the ground

6. Building an Empire Was a unique leader, did not follow tradition
Fought alongside his troops during battle, earned their trust and loyalty
Led very smart military campaigns, crushed his enemies easily, even when greatly outnumbered
Greatly expanded the Greek empire

7. Alexander’s Empire

8. How did He Create Such a Huge Empire?
First he attacked the Persians, who had a very unorganized military
He then liberated Egypt from Persian control (Egyptians loved him)
He destroyed the Persian army and took over their entire empire
He continued to conquer territory farther east to India
Alexander built the largest empire the world had ever seen – it only took him 13 years
He died without naming an heir
Alexander was very calculated and methodical in his approach to conquest. Alexander died near Babylon from sickness

9. Alexander and the Hellenistic World
Hellenic - Greek
Hellenistic - Greeklike
Alexander’s empire brought together many diverse societies and changing the empire’s culture
His empire was no longer Hellenic
Alexander purposely blended Greek, Persian, Egyptian, and Asian cultures to unite his empire
Built cities across Middle East and Africa, and Asia and encouraged Greeks to settle there

10. Building Greek Cities in the East

11. Where is This City? Cosmopolitan Culture
This is Pergamum in Asia Minor
Cosmopolitan Culture

12. Trade in the Empire Much of the empire was along the Silk Road
Directly connected to Asia
Made Hellenistic Greece incredibly powerful
Also made it an easy target for invasion

13. Daily Life in Hellenistic Greece
Government changed from a democracy to a monarchy
Women gained more rights, could own property and receive an education
People were exposed to more ideas than ever before

14. Hellenistic Achievements
New types of philosophy were created
Cynicism, Epicureanism, Stoicism
Art became more feminine and flowing
Major improvements in science
Cynicism: reject pleasure, wealth, social responsibility – people should live according to nature. People gave all of their possessions away, beeged for food, lived in public buildings; Epicureanism: seek pleasure (good) and avoid pain (evil)

15. Advancements in Science
Euclid – formulated ideas about geometry
Eratosthenes – calculated circumference of the Earth
Archimedes – used math and physics to create devices that make life easier (compound pulley)

16. Library at Alexandria Largest library in the ancient world
Contained some of the most important works in the world
Reflects emphasis on knowledge
Most of it was destroyed in multiple fires, which were common in libraries at the time

17. After Alexander’s death
There was no clear leader so military generals split the empire into 5 parts: Egypt, Greece, Macedonia, Central Asia, and Persia
Never as strong as it was when Alexander was alive
New rulers were not powerful and each new territory eventually was invaded

18. The Breakup of Alexander’s Empire